Valve Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common valve problem?
Mitral Valve Prolapse 2.4%
Why is MVP problematic?
May predispose the patient to clots or endocarditis. Can also lead to mitral insufficiency.
Three common causes of valve disorders?
Bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and aortic calcification
Presentation (history) about valve disorders?
dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue, hoarseness, palpitations, weakness, chest pain, heart failure, vertigo, synchopy, and peripheral edema
What part of the stethoscope is used for low pitched sounds?
The bell
What part of the stethoscope is used for high pitched sounds?
The diaphram
What to do for mitral valve prolapse?
- No medical treatment
- Metoprolol if palpitations
- Reduce smoking, drinking, and caffeine if palpations
When do you give ASA for MVP?
TIA/Stroke, atrial fibrilation
What do you do for mitral valve stenosis?
Reduce fluid load with diuretics, and sodium restriction.
What do you do for mitral regurgitation?
- Use vasodilators and prescribe diltiazem and anticoagulants.
- Restrict sodium and use diuretics
When do you NOT order an echo for murmurs?
Only if it’s mid-systolic, grade 2 or less, without ANY associated findings.
What is the auscultation finding for aortic stenosis?
harsh crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard over the aortic area and radiating into the carotids.
What is Marfan’s syndrome associated with?
- Aortic regurgitation
- enlarged aortic aneurysm.
- MVP
Findings for aortic regurgitation?
- Wide pulse pressure
- Diastolic decrescendo murmur
Auscultation of mitral stenosis?
Loud S1 and an opening snap in diastole followed by a mid diastolic rumble
-Heard best at the apex in the left lateral position.
