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Adult Health > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

Common symptoms for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Discharge, usually unilateral, no pain, crusted over eyes

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2
Q

Common symptoms for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Foreign body sensation, tearing, burning, bilateral preauricular node involvement

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3
Q

Common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

bilateral red eys, severe pruritis, moderate tearing,

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4
Q

Differential diagnosis for conjunctivitis?

A

Iritis- marked conjunctival injection around cornea, unilateral, photophobia, blurred vision

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5
Q

When do you refer conjunctivitis?

A

No improvement in 24 hours, decreased visual acuity, possibility of herpes or zoster

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6
Q

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Gentamycin 2 gtts q 4 hours x 5 days

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7
Q

two types of blepharitis?

A

ulcerative and nonulcerative

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8
Q

Differential diagnosis of blepharitis?

A

Horleolum, conjuncitivits, chalazion

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9
Q

Treatment for ulcerative blepharitis?

A

erythromycin or bacitracin ophthalmic ointment, or sulfactamide sodium solution

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10
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Meibmian gland obstruction that is nontender

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11
Q

What is a hordeleum?

A

Stye, on eye lashes. Reoccur often with diabetes

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12
Q

Assessment for corneal abrasion

A

Corneal staining

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13
Q

Treatment of corneal abrasion

A

Antibiotic ointment for 5 days; tetanus shot if indicated

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14
Q

When to refer corneal abrasion?

A

If not improved in 24 hours

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15
Q

What is hypema?

A

Blood in anti chamber of eye, usually related to trauma. Refer. 25% have ruptured globe.

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16
Q

Symptoms of Uveitis?

A

Iritis- conjunctival injection, red, slow pupil response, blurry vision, photophobia. REFER!

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17
Q

What is scleritis?

A

Inflammation of sclera, localized on sclera. Benign, seen in collagen disease. May be tender, irritated, or red

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18
Q

What is Pinguecula or pterygium

A

ter-ih-gee-um. May need surgical removal

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19
Q

Usual IOP?

A

10-20

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20
Q

What medications to avoid in glaucoma?

A

Steroids

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21
Q

Fundoscopic exam for glaucoma?

A

increased cup to disk ratio

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22
Q

Classic triad for glaumoca?

A

Increased IOP, peripheral vision loss, and optic nerve atrophy

23
Q

What type of glaucoma is acute?

A

closed angle glaucoma

24
Q

Symptoms of closed angle glaucoma?

A

rapid, painful, head ache, fixed non reactive pupil, photophobia, halos around lights at night

25
Q

Signs of otitis external?

A

Pain in ear, itching, fullness, discharged, diminished hearing

26
Q

Differential diagnosis of otitis externa?

A

furunculosis, mastoiditis, foreign body, OM, herpes zoster

27
Q

Topical therapy of otitis external?

A

Oxifloxicin, steroid, neomycin, Tobradex, or lotrimine if fungal

28
Q

Exam findings for ottitis media?

A

red, bulging, no landmarks, decreased mobility of TM

29
Q

What happens when tympanic membrane ruptures?

A

There sudden relief of pain

30
Q

What medication should you avoid with OM?

A

antihistamines

31
Q

Medication for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin 1g TID for adults. Wait 48-72 hours in children

32
Q

Treatment for OM with effusion?

A

Watchful waiting because most clear in after 3 months. Or give Augment or clarithromycin

33
Q

Treatment for ruptured tympanic membrane?

A

Oxifloxacin gtts BID. Don’t use auralgan

34
Q

Red flags for sinusitis?

A

orbital swelling or pain, swelling of the forehead, or diplopia

35
Q

Pertinent history for sinusitis?

A

Previous URI, duration of symptoms (initially better, then worse after 5 days), dental pain

36
Q

Significance of transillumination in sinus infection?

A

If it transilluminates, there’s no active infection. For those that do, there’s only a 1/4 chance that there’s an infection

37
Q

Differences in ambulation with frontal and maxillary sinuses?

A

Frontal is worsened by laying down, maxillary is worsened by standing up

38
Q

What medication should you avoid in sinusitis and OM?

A

Antihistamines

39
Q

General treatment for bacterial sinusitis?

A

Agumentin 875 BID x 10 days

40
Q

Different causes for coryza?

A

Allergic, vasomotor, mechanical chronic inflammatory, infections, hromonal

41
Q

What is a saddle nose?

A

a symptom of the nose in Wegener’s granulomatosis

42
Q

What orbital symptom can you look for for perennial allergies?

A

cobblestone like in palpebral conjunctieva

43
Q

Classic allergic nasal objective assessment?

A

Pale and boggy

44
Q

1st choice medication for rhinitis?

A

Fluticasone

45
Q

What intranasal drug can you give for prophylaxis for rhinitis for seasonal allergies?

A

Cromlyn, intranasal

46
Q

Other medications for rhinitis?

A

Singulair 10 mg po QD, decongestants, antihistamines

47
Q

Clues to EBV/Mono pharyngitis?

A

petechiae, posterior chain lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain

48
Q

Clues to Group A Strep? (4 main ones)

A

Fever >100.5, exudate, no cough, and lymphadenopathy; also strawberry tongue

49
Q

What to do if patient is drooling?

A

Refer to ED emergently

50
Q

Sign of glomerulonephritis?

A

hematuria

51
Q

What else to do when patient dx with strep?

A

Throw away toothbrush.

52
Q

What’s an important differential diagnosis in sinusitis?

A

Tooth Abscess

53
Q

When should a patient with a corneal abrasion follow up?

A

In 24 hours

54
Q

What’s the treatment for a corneal abrasion?

A

Oxifloxicin gtts

Adult Health (21 decks)

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