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Adult Health > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Most Common cause of UTI

A

E.Coli, 2nd is Staphy. saprophyticus

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2
Q

What’s important when assessing UTI?

A

CVA Tenderness

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3
Q

U/A results for lower UTI

A

Elevated nitrates, increased leukocyte esterase, urine sediments, hematuria, alkalotic urine. NO CASTS

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4
Q

How can urethritis and vaginitis be differentiated from UTI?

A

By absences of hematuria

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5
Q

Two 1st choice drugs for uncomplicated UTI

A

Bactim- 1 tab bid x 3 days (ex. sulfa/pregnancy)

Nitrofuritonin- 100 mg bid x 7 days (pregnancy)

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6
Q

Treatment for Complicated UTI

A

Ciprofloxacin 250 mg BID x 3 days (no pregnancy)

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7
Q

Drugs for UTI during pregnancy

A

Ampicillin/Clavulanate: 500 mg PO QuadD x 7 days
Cephalexin: 500 mg PO Quad d x 7 days
Get U/A at end to confirm eradication for all!

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8
Q

Diagnosis of upper UTI

A

Chills, fever, CVA tenderness, WBC casts

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9
Q

Differential diagnosis for upper UTI

A

Nephrolithiasis, lower UTI

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10
Q

Treatment for Upper UTI, 1st Choice

A

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 7 days

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11
Q

Alternative Treatment for Upper UTI (x2)

A

Amoxicillin/ Clavonic acid x 14 days

TMP/SMZ BID x 14 days.

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12
Q

What else will pyelonephritis need to order?

A

If male, urinary tract anatomy imaging. If recurrent for females, the same.

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13
Q

What do you do for gross hematuria?

A

Refer to urologist

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14
Q

Defining hematuria

A

Gross or microscopic, or transient or persistent

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15
Q

Most common causes of hematuria?

A

Calculi, infection, cancer, obstruction, bleeding diathesis

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16
Q

When do you refer to a urologist for hematuria?

A

Gross or >50 RBC/hpf on single UA

17
Q

S&S of interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome?

A

Frequency, nocturia, urgency, urethral pain, lower abdominal pain, incomplete emptying,

18
Q

Pathology of IC?

A

Believed that potassium or uric acid infiltrate the bladder wall because of a poor production of mucus that coats the wall

19
Q

What different diseases are associated with IC?

A

IBS, SLE, fibromyalgia, migraines, sensitive skin, allergies

20
Q

How is it diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis of exclusion, with potassium sensitivity test

21
Q

Treatment for IC?

A

TENS unit, acupuncture, smoking cessation, exercise, stress reduction, bladder training, legal exercises, bladder diary, bland diet

22
Q

Prostatitis incidence?

A

Most common male GU disease

25% will have prostatitis.

23
Q

4 Types of prostatitis

A

I- Acute Bacterial
2- Chronic bacterial
3- Chronic Non-Bacterial- Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
4- Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

24
Q

S&S of prostatitis?

A

Abrupt, low back pain, suprapubic pain, dyschezia, fever, chills, nausea, malaise, arthralgia, meager, urinary frequency, weak stream, terminal dribbling

25
Q

S&S of physical exam?

A

I- very tender, warm, swollen, boggy
II- not that tender, boggy
Chronic Non Bacterial- just tender

26
Q

Treatment for Prostatitis?

A

Mild to moderate- Bactrim or cipro x 6 weeks

Severe- in patient care

27
Q

Labs for prostatitis?

A

U/a, C&S

28
Q

BPH S&S

A

Strain, heistance, weak stream, incomplete emptying, dribbling, nocturia

29
Q

Treatment for BPH

A

Alpha adrenergic blocker- bedtime, 2-4 weeks for response

Finasteride

30
Q

Etiology of Epididymitis?

A

G&C, e. coli, staph aureus, lifting and straining

31
Q

Physical exam for epididymitis?

A

Testicular pain with vas deferent modularity
Edema of scrotum and epidiymus
Positive Prehn’s sign
Hydrocele, prostate may be tender

32
Q

Treatment of epididymitis?

A

Treat like gonorrhea or chlamydia
If it’s an enteric organism, treat with levaquin 500 mg PO x 10 days
If there’s no improvement after 3 days, reevaluate

33
Q

Etiology of Testicular torsion?

A

Occurs during sleep, trauma, sex, with L testicle mor often being affected
Most in males 10-20

34
Q

S&S of testicular torsion

A

Abdominal pain, scrotal edema and erythema
NO FEVERS
Absent cremasteric reflex and Prehn’s sign

35
Q

Treatment of testicular torsion?

A

Emergency, surgical intervention

36
Q

Four etiologies of erectile dysfunction?

A

Neurologic, vascular, hormonal (hypogonadism and hyperprolacinemia), and psychological

37
Q

What type of bacteria makes the urine alcolotic in UTI?

A

Proteus Mirabilis

38
Q

What lab result on UA is not likely in pyeloneprhitis?

A

Proteinuria

39
Q

How are most bladder cancers treated?

A

Transurethral resection as well as intrathecal chemotherapy.

Adult Health (21 decks)

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