Cardiology

Question 1

Normal EF?

Answer 1

55-60%

Question 2

What to do for patients taking aldosterone?

Answer 2

Check K, not for patients with Cr >2.5

Question 3

Most common symptom for CAD?

Answer 3

Angina

Question 4

Differential diagnosis for HF exacerbation in an established patient?

Answer 4

MI, alcohol, dietary indiscretion, med noncompliance, pulmonary process

Question 5

What to do for secondary Prevention of heart disease?

Answer 5

Aspirin indefinitely, fix modifiable risk factors

Question 6

Treatment for Stage A HF?

Answer 6

Manage risk factors, aggressive BP control

Question 7

EKG changes for ischemia? x4

Answer 7

T- wave inversion, ST segment depression, T wave flattening, biphasic T wave

Question 8

Class I-IV?

Answer 8

1. No symptoms 2. slight limiation 3.Marked limitation 4. Symptomatic at rest

Question 9

Stage A-D?

Answer 9

A-Risk B- Asymptomatic but structural disease C- Past or current symptoms of HF D- Refactory HF

Question 10

Most common cause of RV failure?

Answer 10

LV failure

Question 11

Treatment Stage C HF?

Answer 11

BB, ARB, Aldosterone, dig, hydralazine, nitrates

Question 12

What level of BNP usually rules out HF?

Question 13

Typical Angina Symptoms

Answer 13

1. Substernal chest discomfort 2. Provoked by exertion/stress 3. Relieved by nitrates

Question 14

Differentiating between R and L heart failure?

Answer 14

Left is pulmonary, Right is systemic

Question 15

How soon does troponin raise?

Answer 15

3-6 hours

Question 16

Atypical Angina

Answer 16

only two of the three for typical angina. Non cardiac problems only cause 1 or less

Question 17

ST elevation markers?

Answer 17

1 mm in limb leads, 2 mm in precordial leads

Question 18

Qualification for pathologic Q wave?

Answer 18

25% or more the height of the R wave.

Question 19

Treatment for Stage B HF?

Answer 19

BB and ARB, AICD (if EF < 30%) , fix surgical problems (valves)

Question 20

Medication to avoid in stage B heart failure

Answer 20

Digoxin and CCB, may worsen heart failure in asymptomatic individuals