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Adult Health > TB, HIV, and Hepatitis > Flashcards

TB, HIV, and Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Is latent TB infectious?

A

No

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2
Q

How often does latent TB develop into active TB?

A

10%

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3
Q

What is military TB?

A

Carried to all parts of the body

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4
Q

Who is at risk for TB?

A

Immunocompromised: DM, HIV, cancer, DM, renal failure, steroid therapy, debilitative state
Close contact: boarding schools, homeless shelters

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5
Q

Where is TB seen on CXR?

A

Upper lobes

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of TB?

A

Cough, fever, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, night sweats, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis

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7
Q

What is the only diagnostic test for TB?

A

sputum test

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8
Q

When should you test for resistance for TB, and what is defined as resistance?

A

Always, Drug resistant is resistant to one drug, while multi drug resistant is resistant to more than one drug

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9
Q

How do you check the TST?

A

Based solely on induration, not erythema

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10
Q

DD for TB?

A

Penumonia, pneumoitis, neoplasm, fungal infection, sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis

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11
Q

What do you monitor for Isoniazid?

A

liver function and peripheral neuropathy. Can cause dark urine

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12
Q

What will occur with rifampin?

A

Dark urine

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13
Q

Side effects of pyrazinamide?

A

GI, myalgia, and arthralgia

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14
Q

What do you do for Ethambutol?

A

baseline eye exam, visual acuity and color vision, CBC and CNS

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15
Q

What’s the preferred therapy for TB?

A

Direct observation therapy for drug resistant, intermittent therapy, and risk for non adherence

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16
Q

Functions of the liver?

A

Bile, eliminiates biliruben, metabolizes hormones and drugs, syntehsizes proteins, glucose storage, stores minerals and vitamins, converts ammonia to urea, converts fatty acids to ketones, filters the blood for metabolites and bacteria

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17
Q

Different causes of acute hepatitis?

A

Autoimmune, drugs, toxins, infections (bacteria, virsuses)

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18
Q

How are the different forms of viral hepatitis separated?

A

Only by serology

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19
Q

Three stages of hepatitis?

A

Prodromal, icteric, convalescent

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20
Q

Hep A transmission?

A

Fecal oral route

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21
Q

DD for hepatitis A?

A

Mono, cancer, obstructive jaundice, ETOH hepatitis or cirrhosis, liver injury, food poisoning, HIV acute, CMV

22
Q

How do you test for Hep A

A

IgM and IgG

23
Q

How do you transmit hep b?

A

blood or body fluids

24
Q

How often does Hep B become chronic?

25
Q

Labs for evaluation of Hep B?

A

HIV, GGT, genotype and viral load, serum iron, liver panel, abdominal imaging

26
Q

Nomenclature for Hepatitis?

A 
E- envolope- center
C- core- middle
S- surface, outside
Ag- antigen from virus
Ab- antibody from host
27
Q

HBeAg?

A

active viral repilation

28
Q

HBcAb?

A

Previous exposure

29
Q

HBsAb?

30
Q

HBsAg?

A

Persistant virus

31
Q

How do you treat HBV?

A

With GI MD. Most important carcinogen after tobacco.

32
Q

Treatment for HBV exposure?

A

HB IG within 48 hours

33
Q

Who get’s immunized?

A

MSM, all infants

34
Q

How is Hep C contracted?

A

Primarily through infected blood

35
Q

Incubation for hepatitis C?

A

14-180 days, with average of 45 days

36
Q

Who develops symptoms and percentage that develop into chronic HCV?

A

20-30 develop acute symptoms, and 70-85% develop chronic HCV

37
Q

Labs for HCV?

A

AntiHCV, HCV RNA PCR, genotyping, LFTs, ETOH, CBC, pregnancy test, TSH, A1C

38
Q

Who do you screen for HCV?

A

Born 1945-1965, IVDU, recipient of clotting factors before 1987, HD

39
Q

Shortest timeline treatment for active TB? Usually length of treatment?

A

6 months is shortest treatment

9 months is usual treatment

40
Q

Test results for >5 mm, >10 mm, and >15 mm

A

> 5- HIV, immunocompromised, transplant, CXR healed TB
10- foreigners, medically underserved, IVDU, risk factors, all other medical conditions that could predispose somebody like DM, cancer, gastric surgery
15 all other person

41
Q

Who should receive hepatitis a vaccine?

A

Recent infection, acute infection, children, MSM, IVDU, occupational risk, clotting disorder

42
Q

treatment for hepatitis A?

A

usually self limiting, can do IgG within two weeks

43
Q

Treatment for hepatitis B?

A

Only do medications for chronic hepatitis B virus.

44
Q

Chronicity rate for hepatitis B?

45
Q

Treatment cure for HCV?

A

Sustained virology response for 24 weeks after then end of treatment

46
Q

What should you do for people with hepatitis ABC?

A

Screen for alcoholism and cessation?

47
Q

How long is Genotype 1 treated for HCV and Genotype 2, 3, and 4

A

Genotype 1 is 48 weeks

Genotype 2, 3, and 4 is 24 weeks

48
Q

Most common cause of ALT and AST?

A

Fatty liver

49
Q

What does HBeAG and HBsAg suggest

A

Infected
HBeAg- active viral replication
HBsAg- persistant virus

50
Q

What does IgM anti HBc suggest?

A

Acute infection

51
Q

What does HBcAb suggest?

A

Pervious exposure

52
Q

What does HBsAb suggest?

Adult Health (21 decks)

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