Valve Disease

Question 1

What is mitral stenosis?

Answer 1

This is where mitral valve becomes narrow and makes difficult for left atrium to push blood.

It is caused by rheumatic heart disease and infective endocarditis

Causing a mid diastolic low pitched rumbling murmur.

You also get a loud S1 and echo S2 sound.

You can palpate the apex beat to diagnose as well as patients cheek flush

Its commonly associated with atrial fibrillation.

Question 2

What is mitral regurgitation?

Answer 2

This is where mitral valve that isn’t working cause blood to fall back through during systole contraction.

You end up getting a pan systolic murmur which sounds like a whistle.

You can hear it at the axilla

Cause congestive heart failure

Question 3

What is aortic stenosis?

Answer 3

Most common valve disease

It is because of narrow aortic valve.

Ejection systolic murmur (which will be high pitched).

You can hear it at carotids

Question 4

What is aortic regurgitation?

Answer 4

Where aortic valve becomes incompetent + blood can flow back

Makes really stable murmur

It is associated with corrigans pulse, where pulse rapidly appears and disappears.