Validity - internal validity Flashcards
What is the concept of validity?
It concerns the question whether any observed effect is a genuine one
What are the key questions concerning internal validity?
Did the Iv produce the change in the dependent variable or not?
What are participant effects?
When participants behaviour is affected by the attention of a researcher
What are demand characteristics?
A queue that makes participants unconsciously aware of the aims of this study will help participants work out what the researcher wants to find
What other three ways to deal with participant effects?
Use a single-blind design, a double-blind design or experimental realism
What is researcher bias?
The effects of the researchers expectations on a participant’s behaviour
What is the difference between an investigator and an experimenter
The person who designed the experiment is not the same as the minion who actually deals with the participants
The investigator can have indirect effects - Give an example of this involving loose procedures
If an investigator does not clearly specify the standardised instructions
Can the relationship between the investigator and the experimenter create an effect?
Yes
What is the fudging effect?
The investigator may invent extra data so that the findings please the experimenter or vice versa
What is the experimenter personal attributes effects
If an experimenter liked one group (e.g blonde women )more than another it may cause them to treat participants differently
Orne and Scheibe Created a study which invented the term demand characteristics it involved a panic button… Describe the study
Participants had to sit in a room on their own for four hours one group of participants were after the beginning to sign a disclaimer form and the others were given a panic button to push if they felt overly stressed. The other group were given no such information. The first group had had their expectations aroused and they showed extreme signs of distress.
