Confounding and extraneous variables

Question 1

What are nuisance variables

Answer 1

Another word for confounding and extraneous variables because they confuse everything

Question 2

What is the difference between an extraneous and a confounding variable?

Answer 2

Extraneous is the general term and confounding variables are specific type of extraneous variables

Question 3

Can you remember the account of clever Hans and Arabian stallion? He showed an astonishing ability to perform arithmetic calculations. Someone would perform a simple arithmetic question and would start counting allowed when they reach the answer to the question the horse would start stamping its hoofs.

What does this show?

Answer 3

The horse was actually responding to cues so fulfilling expectations is the outcome of demand characteristics

Question 4

What are situational variables

Answer 4

Features a research situation that may influence the participants behaviour and therefore act as Evs

Question 5

What are participant variables?

Answer 5

Any participant variable might act as an EV such as Age intelligence motivation experience gender

Question 6

In which study design is participant variables more controlled

Answer 6

In a repeated measures design

Question 7

What are participant effects

Answer 7

Participant effects might occur because participants actively seek cues about how to behave

Question 8

What are investigator effects

Answer 8

The cues that encourage certain behaviours in the participant

Question 9

What sort of question may lead a participant to give the answer the investigator wants

Answer 9

A leading question

Question 10

Rosenthal found that male investigators behaved differently when their participants were female. What were the differences?

Answer 10

The males were more pleasant friendly honest encouraging and relaxed!