Validity

Question 1

validity

Answer 1

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine

Question 2

face validity

Answer 2

a basic form of validity in which a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what it is supposed to measure

can be determined by ‘eyeballing’ the measuring instrument or by passing it to an expert to make sure that it measures what it is supposed to

Question 3

concurrent validity

Answer 3

the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

of a particular test or scale is demonstrated when the results obtained are very close to those obtained on another well-established test.

Question 4

ecological validity

Answer 4

the extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations. A form of external validity.

Question 5

🕰️

temporal validity

Answer 5

the extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other historical times and eras. A form of external validity.

concerns whether findings of a study remain truthful overtime, can be applied to Asch’s and Freud’s research

Question 6

types of validity

Answer 6

This includes whether the researcher has measured what they intended to measure (internal validity) and whether the findings can be generalised to the wider world (external validity).

Question 7

internal validity

Answer 7

This refers to whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to the manipulation of the IV and not a different factor. Demand characteristics challenge internal validity as they may guess the aims of the study.

Question 8

external validity

Answer 8

This relates to factors outside of the investigation. There are many types of this validity eg ecological and temporal

Question 9

improving validity in experiments

Answer 9

• control group
• standardised procedures
• Single and double blind procedures

Question 10

improving validity in observtions

Answer 10

These may have high ecological validity as there is little interception from observers. This is enhanced in covert observations. Also behavioural categories must be specific.

Question 11

improving validity in qualitative research

Answer 11

Have higher ecological validity than quantitative research because of the depth and detail associated with case studies and interviews. Validity can be enhanced through triangulation.

Question 12

improving validity in questionnaires

Answer 12

• lie scale to assess ocnsistency and control social desireability bias
• anonymity