validity

Question 1

validity

Answer 1

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine

Question 2

face validity

Answer 2

when a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what it is supposed to measure

Question 3

internal validity

Answer 3

whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 4

concurrent validity

Answer 4

the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

Question 5

external validity

Answer 5

generalisability to other settings, people, or times

Question 6

ecological validity

Answer 6

the extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations

Question 7

temporal validity

Answer 7

the extent to which findings can be generalised to other historical times and eras

Question 8

how can the validity of experimental research be increased?

Answer 8

by using a control group, standardised procedures, and single/double-blind procedures

Question 9

how can the validity of questionnaires be improved?

Answer 9

by using a lie-scale to control the effects of social desirability bias

Question 10

how can the validity of observations be increased?

Answer 10

using covert techniques and narrow behavioural categories

Question 11

how can the interpretive validity of qualitative methods be increased?

Answer 11

using direct quotes and triangulation of sources of evidence