Vaccines Study guide (complete) Flashcards
Hepatitis A: What diseases does it protect against?
Getting hep A can lead to…
Hepatits A
Can lead to acute fulminant liver and death
Active Immunity
Occurs when the body’s immune system actively produces antibodies against a pathogem.
Long lasting protection
-Getting sick and recovering
MCV04 (ACYW): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine (recommended for who?)
Vaccine recommended for anyone with:
-Have a rare immune disorder called complement component deficiency
-Are part of a population identified to be at increased risk for disease outbreak
College freshman living in dormitories
Military recruits
Varicella: What diseases does it protect against?
Chicken pox
Influenza: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
-Highly contagious (respiratory droplets)
-Caution with egg allergies
Importance of herd immunity:
“Community Immunity”
-Decreases risk of contracting disease
-Entire community is protected
-Problems in achieving herd immunity (anti-vaxxers)
Tdap: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
For preteens: 11-12 years
For pregnant women: During 27-36th week of each pregnancy
For Adults: Anytime
Varicella: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule
Two dose series, with first dose at age 12 through 15 months
Second dose at age 4 through 6 years
Adolescents and Adults (without evidence of immunity), also receive 2 dose series 4 to 8 weeks apart
Polio: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule:
For children starting at 2 months, 4 months, 6 through 18 months old, and 4 - 6 years old.
Adults at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus and who have previously completed the vaccine series can receive one lifetime booster dose.
PCV-13 (prevnar): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Recommended for:
All children younger than 2 years old
People 2 years or older with certain medical conditions
Adults 65 years or older also can discuss and decide, with their clinician, to get PCV13.
Hep B (All ages): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Increase risk in: IV drug users, those with multiple sexual partners, homosexual males, healthcare workers
Hepatitis B: What diseases does it protect against?
If not treated, can lead to infections, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure
Polio: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Most feared childhood communicable disease dring the 1950’s
-Oral vaccine dosing no longer available in the US
-by 1979, disease basically eliminated in US
Hep B (All ages): What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule for:
Infants and children is a 3-dose series at 0, 1–2, 6–18 months
Administration of4 dosesis permitted when a combination vaccine containing HepB is used after the birth dose.
Minimum agefor the final (3rd or 4th ) dose: 24 months
Hepatitis A: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Recommended for international travelers
Children at 12 and 18 months.
2-dose series
H. Influenza B (HIB): What diseases does it protect against?
Can cause meningitis and/or pneumonia in infants and children
Can affect adults 65+ with antibody deficiencies (HIV/Sickle Cell/cancer treatments)
HPV Vaccine (9): What diseases does it protect against?
Certain types of cancers and infections- 13 strains that cause cancer Gardasil protects agains 9 strains
H. Influenza B (HIB): What age shoud receive vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
For infants and children (3 dose + booster): 2, 4, 6 months and 12 through 15 months
Adults: 1 to 3 doses depending on indication
Rotavirus: What diseases does it protect against?
Is a contagious viral illness causing severe, watery diarrhea
Rotavirus: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule
Two or 3 dose series beginning at 2 months
RotaTeq® is given in 3 doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
Rotarix® is given in 2 doses at ages 2 months and 4 months
The first dose of either vaccine should be given before a child is 15 weeks of age.
Children should receive all doses of rotavirus vaccine before they turn 8 months old
Hepatitis B: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule for:
Infants and children is a 3-dose series at 0, 1–2, 6–18 months
Administration of4 dosesis permitted when a combination vaccine containing HepB is used after the birth dose.
Minimum agefor the final (3rd or 4th ) dose: 24 months
Meningitis B: What diseases does it protect against?
Disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.
-Vaccine used to prevent infection caused by serogroup B meningococcal bacteria
PCV-13 (prevnar): What diseases does it protect against?
Protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria and ear infections
HPV Vaccine (9): What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
2-3 dose series starting at age 11-12 years for both girls and boys, but may be given as early as 9 years
Doses should be complete before age 15
Not recommended after age 26
Live, attenuated vaccines
Alive but weakened
Immune response is virtually identical to that produced by the infection
H. Influenza B (HIB): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine (mostly affects who…like recommended for who?
-Mostly affects babies and children 5 years or younger
-Adults with antibody/complement deficiency syndromes
RZV (Shingles): What diseases does it protect against?
Varicella-zoster virus in people who have had chickenpox)
Tdap: What diseases does it protect against?
Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping cough)
PPSV 23: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Recommended for:
All adults 65 years or older
People 2 through 64 years old with certain medical conditions
Adults 19 through 64 years old who smoke cigarettes.
Vaccine schedule:
All adults: 1-2 doses, depending on indications
Adults 65 years of age or older: 1 dose
Meningitis B: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
-May be given at age 10, with a booster dose at 16 years old
-Recommended for 19 -23 years old; 2-3 dose series depending on vaccine and indication
-Adults who are at increased risk for meningococcal disease
MCV04 (ACYW): What age should receive vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Two doses series for adolescents 11 through 18 years of age:
- the first dose at 11 or 12 years of age
- with a booster dose at age16
Influenza: What diseases does it protect against?
Influenza: A, B, C
Hepatitis A: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Typically contracted via the fecal-oral route
-Often due to contaminated drinking water or milk
-Shellfish in contaminated water
MMR: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
For children: Is a 2 doses series
First dose at 12 to 15 months of age
Second dose at 4 through 6 years of age.
Teens and adults should also be up to date on their MMR vaccination.
MCV04 (ACYW): What diseases does it protect against?
Serogroups A, C, W, and Y cause most meningococcal disease.
Hep B (All ages): What diseases does it protect against?
can lead to infections, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure
Hep A (All ages): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Typically contracted via the fecal-oral route
-Often due to contaminated drinking water or milk
-Shellfish in contaminated water
MMR: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Spread through respiratory droplets or sharing food/drink with an infected person
-MMRV also exists which also contained varicella (chicken pox) for kids 12 months-12 years
Passive Immunity
*Typically administered by an injection (artificial passive immunitY)
-Transferred from once source to another (mother to baby)
-Fast working but wanes over time (Short term protections- weeks to months)
-Does NOT develop memory cells
Provide passive immunity by: Blood products Immunoglobulin Anti-toxins (i.e rabies) Certain monoclonal antibodies
Pathology of Vaccines:
?
Influenza: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Recommended for all ages (6 months or older) annually
May be inactivated or live-attenuated vaccine
Varicella: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
-A live- attenuated vaccine
- Can be given with MMR
PPSV 23: What diseases does it protect against?
pneumococcal disease, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, ear infections, and sinus infections
PCV-13 (prevnar): What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule:
Children at 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months old (four dose series)
Children 6 to 17 years: single dose
Adults, if needed only get a single dose.
Meningitis B: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
How is it spread
Spread through:
-Respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
-Live on things the infected person has touched.
-Through kissing, or sharing a drinking/food with an infected person
Polio: What diseases does it protect against?
Poliomyelitis
RZV (Shingles): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Is a painful rash that occurs in people who have had chickenpox:
-Lies dormant just outside spinal cord
-Reactivation of virus
Transmission via airborne droplets or direct contact with open blisters
RZV (Shingles): What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Vaccine schedule
2 dose series 2 to 6 months apart for adults >50 years of age
Hepatitis B: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Increase risk in: IV drug users, those with multiple sexual partners, homosexual males, healthcare workers
Hep A (All ages): What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
Children at 12 and 18 months. Adults traveling international
- Administered as a 2 dose series
DTaP: What age shoud recieve vaccine? Schedule of Vaccine?
For young children: 5 doses
2,4,6 months
15-18 months
4-6 years
Role of Boosters:
Given to adults to stimulate the immune system’s antigen memory:
To give or keep full immunity
Promote long-lasting immunity
May also be given when:
First vaccine did not work (little to no serum level)
During an outbreak of disease
Example: Tetanus, MMR
Rotavirus: 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
-Leading cause of childhood death worldwide
-vaccine given orally
-live vaccine
DTaP: What diseases does it protect against?
Protects against Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough)
HPV Vaccine (9): 2-3 key points to remmeber about vaccine
Should not be given during pregnancy
only 3 FDA approved vaccines- Gardasil, cervarix, gardasil 9
Hep A (All ages): What diseases does it protect against?
Can lead to acute fulminant liver and death
MMR: What diseases does it protect against?
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
