Audio lecture transcribed Flashcards
Hematology/neoplasms/anemia
What is the average blood volume in a human?
4-6 quarts (5.5 liters)
Why is blood thicker and stickier than water?
Due to cells and proteins
What are the primary functions of blood?
- Delivers oxygen and nutrients
- Immune system role
- Maintains acid-base balance
What are the main components of blood?
- Plasma
- Formed Elements (Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets)
What does plasma contain?
Water, plasma proteins, and other substances
What percentage of plasma proteins does Albumin represent?
60%
What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
Oxygen delivery to tissues
What is the shape of red blood cells?
Biconcave disk
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
About 120 days
What is Hemoglobin A?
Normal type of hemoglobin
What is Hemoglobin A1C related to?
Diabetes
What role does iron play in hemoglobin production?
Essential for hemoglobin production; insufficient iron leads to impaired hemoglobin production
What is erythropoiesis?
The process by which red blood cells are formed
What stimulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin from kidneys in response to low oxygen
What are reticulocytes?
Immature red blood cells
How does COPD affect red blood cell production?
Leads to chronic stimulation by kidneys to produce more red blood cells
What is a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Occurs during blood transfusions if donor and recipient blood types mismatch
What does an elevated reticulocyte count indicate?
Continuous erythropoietin stimulation
What is the normal white blood cell count per microliter?
5,000 to 10,000
What are granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What role do basophils play?
Involved in allergic reactions and inflammation
What is the normal platelet count per microliter?
150,000 to 400,000
What is ecchymosis?
A term for bruising related to low platelets
What does CBC stand for?
Complete Blood Count