Antibiotics Study Guide (Complete) Flashcards
Penicillin: Side effects
adverse effects
Adverse Effects:
GI tract
Superinfections
Pain and inflammation at the injection site
Hypersensitivity
Aminoglycoside: nursing considerations (contraindications)
Contraindications:
Known allergy
Renal or hepatic disease
Pre-existing hearing loss
Active herpes or mycobacterial infection
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson’s
Lactation
Require drug monitoring, if IV
Aminoglycoside Side effects:
Adverse effects:
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
CNS
GI tract
Cardiotoxicity
Macrolides: Patho
Interferes with protein synthesis
Aminoglycoside Medications:
being GEN-tle is A- CIN
Drugs:
Gentamycin (IV,IM, Topical) (Prototype)
Tobramycin (IV, IM, Topical, nebulizer)
Neomycin (PO topical)
Amikacin
Streptomycin (IM)
Fluoroquinolones patho:
Interferes with DNA synthesis
Treat anthrax and typhoid fever
Aminoglycoside Indications:
MYCIN
Effective against gram negative bacteria
Very strong antibiotics for serious infections
Bacteremia
Abdominal infections
Drugs that end in MYCIN
What is metronidazole used for?
What must be avoided when using this medication?
Effective against
Anaerobic bacterial infections
Amebiasis
Protozoal infections
H. pylori infection
Trichomanias**
Pseudomembranous colitis (C-diff)
*Use with caution in patients with liver impairment
*no alcohol when on this med
Aminoglycoside: What are the toxicities that the nurse needs
to assess for with these antibiotics?
Nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
What are the serious adverse effects of sulfa antibiotics?
Adverse Effects:
* GI tract
* Renal
* CNS
* Hypoglycemia
* Bone marrow depression
* Skin:
– Photosensitivity
– Rash/itching (common)
– Steven-Johnson Syndrome
Penicillin: Medications
Multiple versions:
Penicillin G, Penicillin K, Penicillin V, Amoxicillin (Prototype), Ampicillin
Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics: Nafcillin, Oxacillin
Fluoroquinolones Medications:
“Floxacin”
Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV, Topical)(Prototype)
Gemifloxacin (PO)
Moxifloxacin (PO)
Levofloxacin (PO, IV)
Ofloxacin (Topical, PO)
Finafloxacin (Ear)
Tetracycline: who cannot receive these antibiotics?
Allergy to tetracycline
Pregnancy and lactations
Children under age 8
Vancomycin: Indications
VancoMRSin
Oral form used to treat..?
Effective against
Gram-positive bacteria (MRSA)
- it is very strong and the most effective drug at treating MRSA (there is resistant MRSA - VRSA)
Clostridium difficile
Endocarditis
*oral form can be given to treat Cdiff
Macrolides: Medications
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin (Prototype)
Fidaxomicin
Penicillin: Patho
Works by:
Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
Stops the enzyme needed for cell division
AKA: BETA LACTAM antibiotics
Are bactericidal
Work against gram positive and negative organisms
ENT, skin, urinary infections
Aminoglycoside: Do these meds require drug levels?
?
- i believe yes meaning they need drug monitoring
Penicillin: Indications
Peni = penis = Coccs for days
Effective against:
Streptococcal, Staphylococcal, pneumococcal infections
ENT, skin, urinary infections
Aminoglycoside Patho:
Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides: Nursing considerations
caution, interactions
Use with caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction
Increasing resistance due to overuse
Drug- drug interactions:
* Anticoagulants
* Antacids
* Digoxin toxicity
Fluoroquinolones: Nursing considerations
Contraindications
Pregnancy and Lactation
Children under age 18
Black Box Warnings
Tendonitis and Achilles tendon rupture– increased with steroid use
Tetracycline: patho
Work by affecting protein synthesis
Broad spectrum
Effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Who cannot receive FQ antibiotics?
Contraindications
Pregnancy and Lactation
Children under age 18
Vancomycin: Patho
Cause cell death by disrupting the bacterial membrane
Vancomycin: Medications
Tetracycline: 4 patient education points needed for these meds
- No sunshine
- No Food or dairy products
- Monitor signs of superinfection
- Take full course
?? im not sure
Macrolides: Side effects
Adverse Effects:
Can prolong the QT interval which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmia
GI tract
- Need to be taken on an empty stomach ( 1 hour before or 2-3 hours after)
CNS
Superinfections
Hypersensitivity
Macrolides: Indications
MacroLLLides (3 L’s)
Effective against gram positive bacteria
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Legionella
Listeria
Lyme’s Disease
Sinusitis
STIs
Often used as an alternative to PCN
When is Clindamycin commonly used?
Worrisome complication?
Often uesd when no other antibiotic will do the job.
Severe GI side effects including fatal psuedomembranous colitis and rincreased risk of Cdiff
Tetracycline: side effects (8 adverse effects listed)
Adverse effects
GI tract
Hepatotoxicity
Skeletal
Skin
Superinfections
Hematologic
Local effect
Hypersensitivity
Fluoroquinolones Indications:
treats..
Used to treat urinary and respiratory infections
End in “floxacin”
Vancomycin: why must it be infused slowly?
- Must infuse slowly (over an hour) to prevent Red Man Syndrome
- Typically given every 8-12 hours
- Requires drug level monitoring
Penicillin: Nursing considerations
caution, safe for
Always ask about allergies prior to administering; never assume
Contraindications:
-If allergic to either PCN or cephalosporins
-Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
Safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
Tetracycline: nursing considerations?
interactions, absorption
Drug-Drug Interactions
Penicillin
Digoxin
Absorption affected:
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Bismuth
Food or dairy products
What does broad spec antibiotic mean
effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.
Fluoroquinolones: side effects
Black Box Warnings
Tendonitis and Achilles tendon rupture– increased with steroid use
CNS effects (depression, insomnia, headache)
Peripheral neuropathy
Make Myasthenia Gravis worse
Other adverse effect:
QT prolongation
Hypoglycemia especially in DM
Photosensitivity
GI effects
Immunologic
Tetracycline: medications
Demeclocycline (PO)
Doxycycline (IV, PO)
Minocycline (IV, PO)
Tetracycline (PO, topical) (Prototype
List three Gram Positive Bacteria
Staph infection
Strep infection
Bacterial vaginosis
Staphylococcus Aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep
Tetracycline: Indications
When you cycle you fall and hurt your skin
Infections in the skin, acne, upper respiratory like sinusitis and atypical pneumonia
STIs
Lyme disease
MRSA
Traveler’s diarrhea
Effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Vancomycin: side effects
Adverse effects:
GI tract
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Phlebitis
Vancomycin: Nursing considerations
Contraindications:
Pregnancy or lactation
Need to monitor drug levels- causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What are sulfa medications used for?
-if you have sex in a gross SOFA you’ll get …
Used to treat
UTIs
Skin infections
MRSA
STIs
List 5 Gram Neg bacteria
What does Narrow spec antibiotic mean?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
E. Coli
Haemophilus pneumoniae
Neisseria Meningitides
Proteus Miralis
*limited range
Aminoglycoside: What labs need to be assessed?
Renal/hepatic labs?
From online: declining urine output and increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
