Antibiotics Study Guide (Complete) Flashcards by Hannah Messick

Penicillin: Side effects

adverse effects

Adverse Effects:
GI tract
Superinfections
Pain and inflammation at the injection site
Hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside: nursing considerations (contraindications)

Contraindications:
Known allergy
Renal or hepatic disease
Pre-existing hearing loss
Active herpes or mycobacterial infection
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson’s
Lactation

Require drug monitoring, if IV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside Side effects:

Adverse effects:
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
CNS
GI tract
Cardiotoxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrolides: Patho

Interferes with protein synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside Medications:

being GEN-tle is A- CIN

Drugs:
Gentamycin (IV,IM, Topical) (Prototype)
Tobramycin (IV, IM, Topical, nebulizer)
Neomycin (PO topical)
Amikacin
Streptomycin (IM)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluoroquinolones patho:

Interferes with DNA synthesis

Treat anthrax and typhoid fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside Indications:

MYCIN

Effective against gram negative bacteria
Very strong antibiotics for serious infections
Bacteremia
Abdominal infections

Drugs that end in MYCIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is metronidazole used for?
What must be avoided when using this medication?

Effective against
Anaerobic bacterial infections
Amebiasis
Protozoal infections
H. pylori infection
Trichomanias**
Pseudomembranous colitis (C-diff)

*Use with caution in patients with liver impairment
*no alcohol when on this med

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside: What are the toxicities that the nurse needs
to assess for with these antibiotics?

Nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the serious adverse effects of sulfa antibiotics?

Adverse Effects:
* GI tract
* Renal
* CNS
* Hypoglycemia
* Bone marrow depression
* Skin:
– Photosensitivity
– Rash/itching (common)
– Steven-Johnson Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penicillin: Medications

Multiple versions:
Penicillin G, Penicillin K, Penicillin V, Amoxicillin (Prototype), Ampicillin
Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics: Nafcillin, Oxacillin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluoroquinolones Medications:

“Floxacin”

Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV, Topical)(Prototype)
Gemifloxacin (PO)
Moxifloxacin (PO)
Levofloxacin (PO, IV)
Ofloxacin (Topical, PO)
Finafloxacin (Ear)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tetracycline: who cannot receive these antibiotics?

Allergy to tetracycline
Pregnancy and lactations
Children under age 8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vancomycin: Indications
VancoMRSin
Oral form used to treat..?

Effective against
Gram-positive bacteria (MRSA)
- it is very strong and the most effective drug at treating MRSA (there is resistant MRSA - VRSA)
Clostridium difficile
Endocarditis
*oral form can be given to treat Cdiff

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrolides: Medications

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin (Prototype)
Fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penicillin: Patho

Works by:
Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
Stops the enzyme needed for cell division
AKA: BETA LACTAM antibiotics
Are bactericidal
Work against gram positive and negative organisms
ENT, skin, urinary infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycoside: Do these meds require drug levels?

?
- i believe yes meaning they need drug monitoring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penicillin: Indications
Peni = penis = Coccs for days

Effective against:
Streptococcal, Staphylococcal, pneumococcal infections

ENT, skin, urinary infections

Aminoglycoside Patho:

Bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis

Macrolides: Nursing considerations

caution, interactions

Use with caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction
Increasing resistance due to overuse

Drug- drug interactions:
* Anticoagulants
* Antacids
* Digoxin toxicity

Fluoroquinolones: Nursing considerations

Contraindications
Pregnancy and Lactation
Children under age 18

Black Box Warnings
Tendonitis and Achilles tendon rupture– increased with steroid use

Tetracycline: patho

Work by affecting protein synthesis
Broad spectrum

Effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Who cannot receive FQ antibiotics?

Contraindications
Pregnancy and Lactation
Children under age 18

Vancomycin: Patho

Cause cell death by disrupting the bacterial membrane

Vancomycin: Medications

Tetracycline: 4 patient education points needed for these meds

1. No sunshine 2. No Food or dairy products 3. Monitor signs of superinfection 4. Take full course ?? im not sure

Macrolides: Side effects

Adverse Effects: Can prolong the QT interval which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmia GI tract - Need to be taken on an empty stomach ( 1 hour before or 2-3 hours after) CNS Superinfections Hypersensitivity

Macrolides: Indications MacroLLLides (3 L’s)

Effective against gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae Legionella Listeria Lyme’s Disease Sinusitis STIs | Often used as an alternative to PCN

When is Clindamycin commonly used? Worrisome complication?

Often uesd when no other antibiotic will do the job. Severe GI side effects including fatal psuedomembranous colitis and rincreased risk of Cdiff

Tetracycline: side effects (8 adverse effects listed)

Adverse effects GI tract Hepatotoxicity Skeletal Skin Superinfections Hematologic Local effect Hypersensitivity

Fluoroquinolones Indications: | treats..

Used to treat urinary and respiratory infections | End in "floxacin"

Vancomycin: why must it be infused slowly?

* Must infuse slowly (over an hour) to prevent Red Man Syndrome * Typically given every 8-12 hours * Requires drug level monitoring

Penicillin: Nursing considerations | caution, safe for

Always ask about allergies prior to administering; never assume Contraindications: -If allergic to either PCN or cephalosporins -Use with caution in patients with renal impairment | Safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding

Tetracycline: nursing considerations? | interactions, absorption

Drug-Drug Interactions Penicillin Digoxin Absorption affected: Calcium Magnesium Zinc Iron Bismuth Food or dairy products

What does broad spec antibiotic mean

effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Fluoroquinolones: side effects

Black Box Warnings Tendonitis and Achilles tendon rupture– increased with steroid use CNS effects (depression, insomnia, headache) Peripheral neuropathy Make Myasthenia Gravis worse Other adverse effect: QT prolongation Hypoglycemia especially in DM Photosensitivity GI effects Immunologic

Tetracycline: medications

Demeclocycline (PO) Doxycycline (IV, PO) Minocycline (IV, PO) Tetracycline (PO, topical) (Prototype

List three Gram Positive Bacteria

Staph infection Strep infection Bacterial vaginosis Staphylococcus Aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep

Tetracycline: Indications When you cycle you fall and hurt your skin

Infections in the skin, acne, upper respiratory like sinusitis and atypical pneumonia STIs Lyme disease MRSA Traveler’s diarrhea Effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Vancomycin: side effects

Adverse effects: GI tract Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Phlebitis

Vancomycin: Nursing considerations

Contraindications: Pregnancy or lactation Need to monitor drug levels- causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

What are sulfa medications used for? -if you have sex in a gross SOFA you’ll get …

Used to treat UTIs Skin infections MRSA STIs

List 5 Gram Neg bacteria What does Narrow spec antibiotic mean?

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa E. Coli Haemophilus pneumoniae Neisseria Meningitides Proteus Miralis *limited range

Aminoglycoside: What labs need to be assessed?

Renal/hepatic labs? From online: declining urine output and increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR).