Vaccines Intro

Question 1

What is the definition of variolation

Answer 1

use the sick to vaccinate the well (a less harmful strain)

Question 2

What did Edward Jenner do

Answer 2

used a process of infecting people with cowpox that could prevent smallpox

Question 3

What did Louis Pasteur do

Answer 3

coined the term Vaccine

Question 4

What is the definition of a vaccine

Answer 4

prepare the immune system for battle by giving the system as close a look at the real thing as is possible without exposing the vaccine recipient to undo risk

Question 5

What is the purpose of vaccines

Answer 5

stimulate the adaptive immune system to create memory

Question 6

T/F for memory Killer T cells to be made the attacker must infect an APC

Answer 6

TRUE!

Question 7

What are the 3 classes of vaccines

Answer 7

Non-infectious
Attenuated
Carrier

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the dream vaccine

Answer 8

oral ingestion, cheap, 1 dose, stable at room temp

Question 9

What is an attenuated vaccine

Answer 9

a living organism (usually a virus), whose virulence and ability to replicate are diminished

Question 10

What is a killed vaccine

Answer 10

a dead organism

Question 11

What is a Subunit vaccine

Answer 11

parts of an organism

1. virus like particles
2. toxoids
3. recombinant (genetic modifications)

Question 12

what is a Conjugated vaccine

Answer 12

combine different antigens to improve response (CARB antigens)

Question 13

what is a Carrier vaccine

Answer 13

genetically modified LIVE virus

Question 14

what is a DNA vaccine

Answer 14

naked DNA extracted from a pathogen. host takes DNA and makes the proteins

Question 15

What are the 4 types of Non-infectious vaccines

Answer 15

1. Killed
2. Subunit
3. Conjugated
4. DNA

Question 16

does non-infectious vaccines cause the body to make memory B cells and Helper T cells

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

are memory Killer T cells made with non-infectious vaccines

Answer 17

NO (unless it has cross presented)

Question 18

What are 2 examples of Killed vaccine

Answer 18

1. Polio vaccine

2. Typhoid vaccine

Question 19

how are microbes killed for a vaccine

Answer 19

1. chemicals
2. heat
3. radiation

Question 20

What are 3 examples of Subunit vaccines

Answer 20

1. Hep B vaccine
2. Tetanus toxoid
3. Acellular pertussis vaccine

Question 21

What is 1 example of a conjugated vaccine

Answer 21

1. Hib vaccine

Question 22

why are 2 carbohydrate microbes joined together in a conjugated vaccine

Answer 22

to make it more “visible” to immune system

Question 23

What are 2 examples of the DNA vaccine

Answer 23

1. Zika vaccine

2. West Nile Virus

Question 24

why are non-infectious vaccines safe for us

Answer 24

they will not infect our cells (except this type of vaccine does not work with Measles and Mumps)

Question 25

Why are Live Attenuated vaccines more effective

Answer 25

they result in:

1. Memory B cells
2. Memory Helper T cells
3. Memory Killer T cells

Question 26

What are 2 examples of Attenuated vaccine

Answer 26

1. Sabin polio vaccine (not used much anymore)

2. MMR

Question 27

what does MMR stand for

Answer 27

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

Question 28

How does a carrier vaccine work

Answer 28

introduce a single pathogen gene into a non-infectious virus. Virus infects an APC-> presents on MHC-I

Question 29

What is the nickname for a carrier vaccine

Answer 29

Trojan Horse

Question 30

What are the cells of the immune system that create memory for a Carrier Vaccine

Answer 30

1. Memory B cells
2. Memory Helper T cells
3. Memory Killer T cells