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Immunology Final > Immunopathologies > Flashcards

Immunopathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pathology

A

The unintended consequence of normal immune response

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2
Q

how does TB evade death

A

preventing the interaction of phagosome with the lysosome

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3
Q

what is the definition of sepsis

A

systemic immune response caused by an infection (through toxins or pathogens)

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4
Q

what is the bodies response to sepsis

A
  • produce cytokines (TNF)

- increase vessel permeablility

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5
Q

what is a dramatic drop in blood pressure after sepsis called

A

septic shock

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6
Q

with allergies, atopic individuals tend to push which cytokine profile

A

Th2 (more IgE)

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7
Q

what is the Hygiene hypothesis

A

we have become more sensative to things because we are TOO clean

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8
Q

What is Autoimmunity caused by

A

failure of the tolerance processes

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9
Q

what percent of american suffer from autoimmunity

A

5%

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10
Q

what are the 3 requirements for Autoimmunity

A
  1. MHC present self peptides
  2. T and B cells recognize self Ag
  3. Breakdown of self tolerence
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11
Q

what are the 4 theories on how autoimmunty is induced

A
  1. Infections and molecular mimicry
  2. Inflammation
  3. Stress events that expose sequestered Ag
  4. Altered gut microbiota
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12
Q

T/F Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can favor suceptibility to autoimmune disease

A

TRUE

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13
Q

what was the mentioned environmental factor favoring disease?

A

where you live (northern hemisphere)

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14
Q

what was the mentioned instrinsic factor related to disease

A

Certain MHC genes linked to specific disorders (HLA-B27)

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15
Q

what is mutated HLA-B27 likely to develop

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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16
Q

what are the 2 types of autoimmunity

A
  1. Organ specific or systemic

2. may involve Ab, T cells, Immune complexes

17
Q

how is hashimotos autoimmunity

A

Ab produced for thyroid cells (TH1) cause interference with iodine uptake

18
Q

How is Diabetes type 1 autoimmunity

A

attack against Beta cells. CTLs infiltrate and activate macrophages

19
Q

How is Myasthenia gravis autoimmunity

A

Block and destroy the post-synaptic clefts of Ach muscle nerves

20
Q

How is Lupus Systemic autoimmunity

A

Ab against DNA, histones, and other structures. Deposit Immune Complexes

21
Q

How is Multiple Sclerosis a Systemic autoimmunity

A

neruologic disability. Autoreactive T cells form inflammatory lesions along myelin sheaths in brain and cord

22
Q

How is Rhematoid Arthritis a systemic autoimmunity

A

Ab-Ab complexes (IgM binds IgG) deposit in joints and cause chronic inflammation

23
Q

What are some ways Autoimmnuity can be treated

A
  1. Broad-spectum therapy
  2. target specific cell types
  3. block steps in inflammatory processes
  4. interfere with costim
  5. target autoreactive cells

Immunology Final (8 decks)

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