Vaccine Additives Flashcards
What does Adjuvant mean
Helper
what does Adjuvants help to do
help stimulate the immune system to respond to a vaccine
Do we want Adjuvants to be immunogenic
NO! we dont want the immune system attacking them
what are the side effects to adjuvants
they cause mild inflammation (phagocytosis)
why do we need adjuvants
live microbes are too dangerous, but killed microbes may not attract the immune system. these make sure the immune system sees the microbes
What are the 4 Adjuvants
- Aluminum
- Oil emulsion (MF59, AS03)
- TLR agonists
- Combination (AS04)
What does Aluminum do
“repository effect” - slow release of Ag for longer response time
what is the purpose of “repository effect”
cause inflammation resulting in longer lasting immunity and possible Th1 response
what is the issue with Aluminum
contact dermatitis, HA, arthralgia, myalgia, cause allergies, over-reaction, chronic granulomatous inflammation
what does oil-emulsion adjuvant do in the body
local cell death and production of danger signals. cause inflammation for immunity
what is the issue with oil-emulsion
tend to me reactogenic
What does the TLR agonist do in the body
use pathogen components to activate a TLR response
what is the issue with TLC agonists
over-reaction, Lipid-A
what does combination adjuvants do in the body
combination of Alumn and MPL (lipid-A). Allows Lipid-A endotoxin to react
what are 4 types of vaccine preservatives
- Antibiotic
- residual material from processing
- Thimerosal
- Formaldehyde
