vaccines Flashcards
define epitope
antibody binding site
define humoral immunity
circulating antibodies in the blood or in secretions
-stimulation of B lymphocytes
define cell-mediated immunity
cellular response initiated by T lymphocytes
define passive immunization
administration of antibodies or antibody containing serum for rapid protection or treatment
define active immunization
administration of antigen to stimulation specific antibody production
how is passive immunization naurally acquired
Ab transferred from mother to offspring via placenta or colostrum
how is passive immunity artificially acquired?
administration of antiserum (injected or oral) or Igs (polyclonal or monoclonal)
what is a vaccine?
suspension of organisms or components of organisms or components of organisms that is injected to induce immunity to protect against the disease
what are the two types of active immunization
- live vaccines
- killed/inactivated/subunit vaccine
what are 3 things about live vaccines
- avirulent or attenuated
- limited ability to grow
- immunity is long-lives
what are two disadvantages of live vaccines
- may be infective in immunocompromised animals
- vaccine may revert to a virulent form
live vaccine: mutants
- temp-sensitive
- auxotrophic: nutritional mutant
- used for salmonella
define killed or inactivated vaccines
- bacteria are inactivated by chemicals, heat, or purification of a component (subunit)
- requires large amount of antigen to induce effective immune response
- administered with an adjuvant
disadvantages of killed/inactivated vaccines
- immunity is not lifelong
- only humoral
- no IgA response
- booster doses are required
- large dose require
are killed whole cell vaccines or bacterins easy to make?
yes
