proteus/morganella/yersinia Flashcards
characteristics of Proteus
- non-lactose fermenter
- motile with perichous flagella
- “swarming” on agar surface
- Urease producer
- habitat: soil, water, intestinal tract of man and animals
what does urease do as a virulence factor?
-irritates mucus membrane in the ureters, bladder and the urethra
what does a Proteus mirabilis infections cause
- UT infections in dogs and ponies
- ear infections in dogs and cats
- diarrhea in animals
characteristics of Morganella morganii
- gram neg
- facultatively anaerobic
- rod-shaped
what does a Morganella morganii infection cause?
ear and UT infections in dogs and cats
bacteria responsible for bovine mastitis
-S. aureus
-Streptococcus
-E. coli
-Klebsiella pneumoniae
-Enterobacter aerogenes
-Proteus spp.
-Serratia marcescens
Others:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia
haemolytica, Arcanbacterium
(Trueperella) pyogenes,
Pasteurella multocida,
Peptoniphilus indolicus,
etc.
are fungal or viral pathogens implicated in bovine mastitis?
both
how do most mastitic pathogens enter the mammary gland?
via the teat canal
-except mycoplasma: enters via the blood stream
what are the most cases of mastitis cause by? (5)
- S. aureus
- Strepto. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- E. coli
what are the primary reservoirs for contagious mastitis
infected mammary glands
what are the 3 major contagious mastitis pathogens
- S. aureus
- S. agalactiae
- Mycoplasma
how to you get rid of mastitic pathogens?
- postmilking germicidal teat disinfection
- antibiotic treatment of dry cows
what are the characteristics of Yersinia?
- gram neg
- rod-shaped
- facultatively anaerobic
- non-lactose fermenter
- BIPOLAR STAINING (safety pin appearance
what are the 3 important species of Yersinia?
- Y. pestis (human plague; cats)
- Y. pseudotuberculosis (guinea pigs)
- Y. enterocolitica (enteritis in humans, food-borne)
what entericYersinia reside in the intestinal tract and are associated with enterocolitis in animals and humans?
- Y. pseudotuberculosis
- Y. entercolitca
what are the modes of infections of Yersinia
- flea bites
- inhalation
- contact with infected or dead animals
- cat bites
- ingestion (in cats)
what mode of infection of Yersinia infects dogs and cats
- ingestion of infected rodents
- rodent bites
- fleas
what is sylvatic plague?
plague in rodents
- serve as maintenance hosts
- transmitted by fleas
- source of infection to animals and humans
what are the virulence factors for Yersinia
- Fraction 1 protein
- V and W antigens
- Murine toxin
- LPS (fever, vascular damage, DIC)
- Pesticin
- (hyaluronidase, coagulase etc)
what is Yersiniabactin?
a siderophore that allows it to have the ability to acquire iron
what disease does Yersinia cause?
- bubonic plague
- pneumonic plague (black death)
what animals are most susceptible to the plague?
cats
what is feline plague
- link between rodent plague and human infections
- acquire by ingestion of infected rodents
- 3 forms: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic
what are the clinical signs of feline plague
fever, depression, anorexia, swollen LN
what is the treatment to feline plague
- bubonic form may respond to antibiotic therapy
- streptomycin
- tetracyclines or chloramphenicol
what is the habitat of Y. enterocolitica
- GI tract and Ln of animals -pigs
- in the tonsils of healthy pigs
what are the virulence factors of Y. enterocolitica
- enterotoxin
- stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity
what are 5 food-borne pathogens?
- S. aureus
- E. coli O157:H7
- Salmonella Typhimurium
- Cronobacter sakazaki
- Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersiniosis
-Stress is a predisposing the factor.
-Clinical signs: Diarrhea (no
blood)
-Enterocolitis: Jejunum and ileum
are most frequently affected.
-May become systemic (miliary
abscesses).
what is Y. ruckeri
- fish pathogen
- enteric ‘ Red Mouth’ disease
- SubQ hemorrhage aroudn the mouth
