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E coli Flashcards

1
Q

some characteristics of enterobacteriacae

A
  • gram neg
  • facultatively anaerobic
  • rod-shaped
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2
Q

how do enterobacteriacae metabolise?

A

-ferment glucose to acid and gas

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3
Q

is enterobacteriacae oxidase pos or neg

A

oxidase neg

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4
Q

do enterobacteriacae ferment lactose?

A

some do and some dont

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5
Q

what is the habitat of enterobacteriacae

A

GI tract, soil, water

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6
Q

what is the mode of infection of enterobacteriacae

A

by ingestion

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7
Q

which enterobacteriacae ferment lactose?

A
  • escherichia
  • enterobacter
  • klebsiella
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8
Q

what enterobacteriacae do not ferment lactose

A
  • morganella
  • proteus
  • salmonella
  • serratia
  • yersinia
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9
Q

MacConkey Agar is selective for what?

A
  • selects gram neg

- gram pos are inhibited

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10
Q

how do you tell lactose pos or neg on a MacConkey agar plate?

A
  • lactose neg - golden

- lactose pos - pink

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11
Q

what is the metabolism of Escherichia coli

A

-facultative anaerobe
-lactose fermenter
(pink colonies on macconkey agar)

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12
Q

true/false: some strains of Escherichia coli are hemolytic

A

true

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13
Q

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitnat where?

A
  • soil and water

- lower intestinal tract

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14
Q

where are H antigens on Escherichia coli

A

flagella

-heat labile, protein

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15
Q

where are O antigens on Escherichia coli

A

cell wall

-LSP, heat stable

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16
Q

where at K antigens on Escherichia coli

A

capsule

-CHO or protein

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17
Q

where are F antigens on Escherichia coli

A

pilus

-protein (plasma coded)

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18
Q

what is serotyping

A

classification of bacteria within a species based on antigenic structure

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19
Q

what does the O antigen designate?

A

somatic

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20
Q

what are Escherichia coli broadly classified into?

A
  • intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPAC)

- extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPAC)

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21
Q

what is virotyping (pathotying)

A

classification based on virulence factors

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22
Q

what are the 5 categories of pathogenic E. coli based on?

A
  • patterns of attachment on host cells (sinlgy or aggregates)
  • effects of attachment on host cells (none or destruction)
  • production of toxins
  • invasiveness
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23
Q

enteropathogenic (EPEC)

A
  • attachment is pili mediated
  • loss of microvilli (effacement)
  • invasion and structural changes
  • prodce cytotoxin
  • cause diarrhea in humans, rarely in animals
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24
Q

Attaching and Effacing or Enterohemorrhagic (AEEC, EHEC, STEC, VTEC)

A
  • attachment is mediated by a protein, Intimin (NO PILI)
  • loss of microvilli (effacement)
  • invasion and structural changes
  • ***produces Shiga toxin (Stx)
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25
characteristics of Shiga Toxins
- biologially and structually resemble the cytotoxin of Shigella dystenteriae - heat labile - lethal to vero cells (hence verotoxin, VTEC)
26
what are the two types of shiga toxin
- Stx1 | - Stx2
27
*know about Stx2e
it is involved in edema disease in swine
28
where are the genes Stx1 and Stx2 located?
on a temperate bacteriophage
29
how do shiga toxins work?
they inhibit protein synthesis
30
what are shiga toxins a concern
-cytotoxic to enterocytes and vascular endothelial cells
31
what is the most common serotype of Escherichia coli
E. coli O157:H7
32
characteristics of enteroinvasive (EIEC)
- multiply inside the cell (salmonella-like) - invasion and cellular destruction - cause bacterimia or septicemia - mostly seen in poultry
33
characteristics of enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
- 'cholera-like' - attach (pili mediated) - produce enterotoxins - heat labile - heat stable (100C for 30 min)
34
what doe LT stand for?
cholera-like
35
enterotoxin LT
- has 2 polypeptide chains and B (A-B toxin) | - B subunit binds to the intestinal epithelium
36
enterotoxin ST
-small proteins -Sta (methanol soluble) Stb (methanol insoluble)
37
what does STa cause?
induce fluid accumulation in the instestine of suckling mice
38
what does Stb do?
does not cause fluid accumulation in the intestine of suckling mice
39
characteristics of enteroaggregative (EAbbEC)
- form aggregates - do not invade - produce ST-like (heat stable) called EAST and hemolysin-like toxins
40
what is cytotoxin necrotizing factor producing E. coli (CNF-PEC)
- attach but do not invade the cells - produce a toxin that causes necrosis - reported to cause diarrhea in calves pigs and humans
41
what does extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) cause
-strains cause septicemia mastitis, infections of the uterus, urinary tract or air sacs (poultry)
42
what are the three forms of colibacillosis?
- diarrheal: mild to severe, with or without blood - septicemic: colisepticemia - localized: suppurative
43
what are the two locations of collibacillosis?
- intestinal | - extraintestinal
44
what is the mode of infection of E. coli
- ingestion - inhalation - direct infection
45
what are the three forms of colibacillosis in SWINE?
- neonatal enteritis - weanling enteritis (post weanling diarrhea) - edema disease
46
what strain causes weanling enteritis?
-caused by hemolytic strains (EPEC)
47
what strain causes edema disease?
caused by AEEC (EHEC) | -Stx (Stx2e) is the major virulence factor
48
whawt are predisposing factors to edema disease?
- age 7-10 days after weaning - change of feed - rapid growth - diarrhea
49
what are the clinical signs of edema disease?
edema: eyelids, facial area, stomach, mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, gall bladder, larynx etc
50
how do you prevent edema disease?
- separation of sick pigs | - antibiotics in the feed (enrofloxacin
51
what are clinical signs of colibacillosis in calves?
- diarrhea "white scour" during the first week of life | - feces full of gas bubbles
52
what is the virulence factor of colibacillosis in calves?
enterotoxins (STa)
53
what is the septicemic form of colibacillosis in cattle?
- in calves deprived of colostrum - virulence factor: endotoxin - endotoxic shock and death
54
what is a common E. coli infection of cows in adult cows?
mastitis
55
what are clinical signs of mastitis?
swelling of udder, discolored milk, blood clots, loss of milk production
56
pagenesis of mastitis in cows
``` entry through teat adherence to mammary cells release of endotoxin absorption of endotoxin release of cytotoxin ```
57
what happens to adult horses with colibacillosis?
mares- abortion; acute mastitis
58
what are the clinical signs of colibacillosis in fouals?
fever, rapid pulse, dullness and weakness | -(no enteritis!)
59
how do you see colibacillosis in dogs and cats?
diarrhea is not common - commonly isolated from genital and urinary tract infections - females - cystitis and pyometra - males - prostitis
60
what are the virulence
- pili - adherence - hemolysin - cytotoxin necrotizing factor - protease enzyme
61
colibacillosis in poultry
- diarrheal disease is rare - localized or systemic - avian pathogenic E. coli
62
do avian strains of colibacillosis cause diseases in other animals?
no
63
what is coli-granuloma (hjarre's disease) in poultry
chronic form of bacillosis with granulomatious lesions in the walls of the intestinal tract, liver and lungs
64
what does colibacillosis cause as a respiratory disease in poultry?
air-sacculitis
65
what is cellutitis?
infection of the subcutis
66
what can celluitis cause in poultry?
swollen head syndrome
67
when making a presumptive diagnosis, what do you look at?
- age of the animal (neonate) | - clinical signs (diarrhea with or without blood)
68
is E. coli present in all fecals?
yes! need to know if it is a pathogenic strain or not

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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