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Bacteriology > bact classification and identification > Flashcards

bact classification and identification Flashcards

1
Q

what is taxonomy

A

science that studies organisms in order to arrange them into groups

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2
Q

what is identification

A

characterizing organism

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3
Q

what is classification

A

arranging organisms into similar or related groups

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4
Q

what is nomenclature?

A

assigning names to organisms

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5
Q

define phenotype

A

specific characteristics displayed by the organism

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6
Q

define genotype

A

genetic info contained in the DNA

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7
Q

define evulation

A

change in a line of descent over time leading to a new species

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8
Q

what is phylogeny

A

study of evolutionary relationship

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9
Q

which rRNA is used for bacteria?

A

16S rRNA

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10
Q

which rRNA is used for fungi?

A

18S rRNA

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11
Q

what are firmicutes?

A
  • gram positive
  • low GC content
  • mycoplasma (no cell wall) : MOLLICUTES
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12
Q

what are actinobacteria?

A
  • gram positive

- high GC content

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13
Q

what are proteobacteria/

A
  • gram neg

- aerobic or facultative

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14
Q

what are bacteriodetes?

A
  • gram negative

- anaerobic

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15
Q

what is the order of hierarchy?

A
  • domain
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
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16
Q

what are clones

A

population of cells derived from a single parent cell

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17
Q

what are strains

A

an isolate

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18
Q

what are species

A

a group of related isolates

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19
Q

what are subspecies

A

strains within a species with some important characteristics

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20
Q

what are the two mediums for growing bacteria?

A
  • broth

- solid (agar)

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21
Q

what are the two types of dyes added to colorless bacteria?

A

acidic or basic

22
Q

what charge do bacteria naturally carry?

A

negative charge - so you use basic dyes more often

23
Q

what are some basic dyes

A

crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green, safranin

24
Q

what are the three staining techniques

A

simple, differential, special

25
Q

what is simple staining

A

methylene blue, carbol fuchsin, crystal violet, safranin

26
Q

what is differential staining

A

gram stain and acid-fast

27
Q

what is special staining

A

stain specific structures

28
Q

what does acid-fast staining diagnose?

A

mycobacterial infections

29
Q

describe capsules when staining

A

difficult to stain, hence the background is stained

30
Q

describe spores when staining

A

requires to heat to make the stains penetrate the thick spore coat

31
Q

describe flagella when staining

A

too thin, hence the procedure used increases the thickness of the flagella

32
Q

how do you detect enzymes produced?

A

substrates utilized and products produced

33
Q

what is serology

A

the study of antigen-antibody reactions

34
Q

how do serology tests work?

A

they test to detect surface antigens (proteins or polysaccharides) of bacteria using antibodies

35
Q

what are some examples of serological tests

A
  • neutralization
  • precipitation
  • agglutination
  • western blot
36
Q

what is precipitation

A

interaction of soluble antigen with an antibody

37
Q

what is agglutination?

A

interaction of particulate antigen with antibody

38
Q

what is passive agglutination

A

soluble antigen or antibody coated or linked to cells or insoluble particles such as latex,

39
Q

what is western blot used for

A

identify specific antibodies

-proteins separated by electrophoresis

40
Q

what two dyes are used in fluorescent antibody technique?

A
  • rhomamine: red
  • fluorescein isothyocynate: yellow-green

-Ab are linked to the dye

41
Q

what is PCR

A

identification of cultivable and uncultivable bacteria

-allows amplification of a piece of DNA or RNA

42
Q

what are the three steps in PCR indentification

A
  • denaturation: separation of strands at 95 C
  • annealing: binding of primers at 50 C
  • elongation: synthesis of complementary
43
Q

what is RT-PCR

A
  • real time: immediate visual result
  • fluorescent labeled primers
  • quantitative
44
Q

what is categorization of strains within a species?

A

typing

45
Q

what is biochemical typing?

A

biotypes vs biovars

46
Q

what is serological typing?

A
  • serotypes vs serovars

- based on antigens

47
Q

what is genetic typing?

A

based on genetic variation

-genotypes

48
Q

what is virotyping

A

based on virulence factors

-called pathotypes

49
Q

what is page typing

A

-based on phage susceptibility

50
Q

what is bacteriocin typing

A

based on bacteriocin susceptibility

51
Q

what is antibiogram typing

A

based on antimicrobial susceptibility

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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