Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology > control of bacterial growth > Flashcards

control of bacterial growth Flashcards

1
Q

define sterilization

A

complete killing of all living microbes including spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define contamination

A

treatment of objects or surfaces to make them safe to handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define disinfection

A

control of pathogens on inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define antisepsis

A

control of pathogens in living tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define sanitization

A

process to lower microbial loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define ‘cidal’ biocides or germicides

A

they kill microbes

  • bactericide (bacteriocide)
  • fungicide
  • viricide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define ‘static’

A

they do not kill microbes but inhibit growth

  • bacteriostat
  • fungistat
  • -viristat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define sepsis

A

bacterial contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define asepsis

A

absence of bacterial contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some of the factors influencing the effectiveness?

A
  • # of mirobes
  • environmental conditions
  • time of exposure
  • microbial characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define the mode of action: alteration of membrane permeability

A

leaks cellular contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define the mode of action: damage to proteins

A

denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define the mode of action: damage to nucleic acids

A

damaged DNA or RNA will interfere with cell division and protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are 3 physical ways to kill bacteria

A
  • heat
  • radiation
  • filtration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most common method to kill bacteria?

A

heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does heat do to bacteria?

A

denatures proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the thermal death point?

A

the lowest temp at which all microbes in a particular suspension will be killed in 10 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is moist heat?

A

boiling at 100 C (10-15 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

does moist heat kill spores?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is steam under pressure (autoclave)

A

steam at 15 psi raises temp to 121 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does autoclave kill spores?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do you know if the autoclave is done?

A

autoclaving tape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is pasteurization?

A

0heat sensitive liquids( milk, fruit jiuce, etc)

  • intended to kill pathogens
  • lowers bacterial numbers and prolongs shelf life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do you pasteurize something?

A

high-temp, short time (HTST)

72 C for 15 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do you do ultra-high temp pasteurization?
milk is heated to 140 for 3 sec
26
is dry heat as effective as moist heat?
no
27
what is flaming?
sterilization of inoculating loops
28
what is incineration
contaminated materials and carcasses
29
what is hot-air sterilization?
heating at 170 C for 2 hours | -used for glass wares
30
what is radiation?
electromagnetic waves: microwaves, Xrays, gamma rays, etc - ionizing - nonionizing
31
what is ionizing radiation?
wavelength
32
what is nonionizing radiation?
- wavelength >nm - UV rays - damages DNA by causing bonds to form between thymine (thymine dimers)
33
do microwaves have much antimicrobial activity?
no, other than the effect of heat generated
34
what is filtration?
sterilize heat sensitive liquids - membrane filters used to exclude bacteria - High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are used in hospitals and labs
35
what was the first chemical used as a disinfectant?
phenol
36
what do we use now instead of phenol?
phenolics (derived from phenol, less irritant and more effective)
37
what is the mode of action of phenol and phenolics?
disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
38
what chemical is used as a standard to measure the effectiveness of all disinfectants?
phenol
39
what are the standard organisms used as standards for testing disinfectants?
salmonella typhi and staphylococcus aureus
40
what is the chart for phenol coefficient
``` 1 = same as phenol >1 = more effective ```
41
what compounds are halogens?
iodine and chlorine | -effective antimicrobial compounds
42
what is one of the oldest and most effective antiseptics?
iodine
43
what is tincture of iodine?
iodine in aqueous alcohol
44
what is iodophore?
iodine complexed with an organic molecule for slow release (betadine)
45
what happens to chlorine in water?
becomes hypochlorus acid (HOCl), which is a strong oxidizing agent
46
what do alcohols kill?
people... and vegetative cells, but not the spores
47
What is the mode of action of alcohol?
denature proteins and disrupts cytoplasmic membrane by dissolving lipid
48
which is more effective, isopropanol or ehtanol?
isopropanol
49
what heavy metals are disinfectants?
silver, mercury, copper and zinc
50
what heavy metal is used as an algaecide in water troughs?
copper sulfate
51
what heavy metal is used in foot baths?
zinc chloride
52
what are surfactants?
surface active compounds | -soaps and detergents
53
how do soaps work?
-no antiseptic action, but mechanically remove bacteria due to scrubbing
54
what are used in cleaning dairy utensils and equipments?
acid-anionic surface active compounds
55
what are quaternary ammonium compounds?
cationic detergents - more effective against gram + - no effect on spores
56
benzalalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride are what?
quaternary ammonium compounds
57
what are some oxidizing agents?
-ozonem hydrogen peroxide, benzyl peroxide and peracetic acid
58
what is ozone used for?
disinfecting water
59
why is hydrogen peroxide not useful in infected open wounds
it is rapidly broken down to water and o2 by catalase
60
where is hydrogen peroxide useful?
in deep wounds caused by anaerobes because released o@ would kill them
61
when is benzoyl peroxide useful?
in treating wounds infected by anaerobic bacteria
62
what does peracetic acid kill?
spores
63
what is used in the food processing industry and in disinfection of medical equipment?
Peracetic
64
what are aldehyde's mode of action?
inactivate proteins by forming covalent bonds with amino acids
65
what is formalin used for?
to inactivate bacteria and toxins in vaccine preparation
66
what is glutaraldehyde used for?
bactericidal and sporicidal
67
what is ethlene oxide used for?
- gaseous sterilizers | - effective against all microbes and spores but requires several hours
68
what is the mode of action of ethylene oxide
denatures proteins
69
what is ethylene oxide used for?
sterilizing medical equipments | -suspected carcinogen

Bacteriology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions