Vaccine preventable diseases

Question 1

Incubation period of measles?

Answer 1

Children: 14 days
Adults: 21 days

Question 2

Clinical presentation of measles?

Answer 2

Prodrome: cold-like symptoms + conjunctivitis, precedes rash by 2-4 days
Rash: maculopapular outbreak behind ears, spreads down upper body and buttocks. Rash fades over 3 days, copper-like and desquamation
Koplik spots (buccal mucosa and lips)

Question 3

Complications of measles? (8)

Answer 3

Otitis media
Laryngitis
Pneumonia
Encephalitis (1:1000)
SSPE (chronic, fatal in 15% of sufferers)
Myocariditis, pericarditis, hepatitis

Question 4

Haemophilus Influenzae type B infection causes what diseases?

Answer 4

Meningitis
Epiglottitis
Peri-orbital cellulitis
Septic arthritis

Question 5

In-utero exposure to rubella causes what congenital heart defects?

Answer 5

PDA with branch pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 6

Complications of mumps? (7)

Answer 6

Meningoencephalitis
Pancreatitis
Thyroiditis
Oophoritis
Orchitis/Epididymitis
Glomerulonephritis
Transverse myelitis

Question 7

Fibrous tracheal exudate is synonymous with?

Answer 7

Diphtheria (Cornebacterium diphtheriae)

Question 8

Complications of pertussis

Answer 8

Apnea + hypoxia
Pneumonia
Encephalopathy

Question 9

Three phases of pertussis?

Answer 9

Prodromal Catarrhal Phase (~2/52)
Paroxysmal Phase (2-4/52)
Convalescent Phase (4-12/52)

Question 10

What type of virus is measles?

Answer 10

RNA paromyxovirus

Question 11

How long are patients infectious for with measles?

Answer 11

3-5 days post rash development

Question 12

What type of virus is mumps?

Answer 12

RNA paramyxovirus

Question 13

What type of virus is rubella?

Answer 13

RNA togavirus

Question 14

Most common cause of death in children with whooping cough?

Answer 14

Pneumonia

Question 15

When is Rubella most dangerous during pregnancy?

Answer 15

1st trimester