Common Infections

Question 1

Late onset GBS accounts for what proportion of cases?

Answer 1

~1/3

Question 2

Common causative agents for neonatal conjunctivitis? (3)

Answer 2

Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseia gonorrhea
HSV

Question 3

Causative agents, conjunctivitis older child/infant?

Answer 3

Bacterial:
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
Viral: Adenovirus (~20% cases)

Rx: topical chloramphenicol

Question 4

Hallmarks of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 4

In conjunction with fever, peri-orbital swelling, conjunctivitis, patients will also have;
Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia
Decreased visual acuity

Question 5

Causative agents, Orbital/Periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 5

Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumoniae
Staph aureas

Rx: IV Ceftriaxone + IV Fluclox

Question 6

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis in children?

Answer 6

Group A strep (15-30% of cases)
Overall VIRAL causes much more common

If concern re: GAS, Rx as follows;
10/7 PO penicillin/erythromycin
Stat dose IM Procaine penicillin or Benzathine Pen G

Question 7

Acute rheumatic fever is associated with which M types of GAS?

Answer 7

Types 3 and 18 serotypes

Post-strep GN is associated with type 12

Question 8

RSV prophylaxis is with?

Answer 8

Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody)

Question 9

Bacterial Pneumoniae suspected to be secondary to Staph Aureus should be treated with what?

Answer 9

Flucloxacillin + Gentamicin (synergistic)

- as per RCH website

Question 10

Mycoplasma Pneumonia is managed with?

Answer 10

Macrolides (azithromycin/clarithromyin/erythromycin)

Question 11

Most common causes of bacterial meningitis in children <2mths?

Answer 11

GBS
E coli
Listeria Monocytogenes

Question 12

Most common causes of bacterial meningitis >2mths?

Answer 12

Strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningiditis
HiB (unimmunised)

Question 13

Empirical antibiotics for <2mths suspected bacterial meningitis?

Answer 13

IV Cefotaxime + Benzylpenicillin

Question 14

Empirical therapy for >2mths suspected bacterial meningitis?

Answer 14

IV Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cef.)

Question 15

Galactosemia predisposed to which meningitis?

Answer 15

E. coli meninigitis (and septicaemia)

Question 16

C5-C8 complement deficiencies are predisposed to which causative agent (meningitis)?

Answer 16

N. Meningitidis

Question 17

Kids with VP shunts get what type of meningitis?

Answer 17

Staphylococcal meningitis (most commonly CONS)

Question 18

Hand, foot and mouth disease is most commonly caused by what?

Answer 18

Coxsackie A virus

or enterovirus 71

Question 19

Most common causes of chronic, unilateral discoloured lymphadenopathy?

Answer 19

Atypical mucobacterium
Cat scratch
TB

Question 20

Causes of chronic bilateral lymphadenopathy?

Answer 20

EBV

CMV

Question 21

Causes of acute unilateral lymphadenopathy?

Answer 21

Staph aureas, Group A strep, anaerobes

Question 22

Causes of acute bilateral lymphadenopathy?

Answer 22

Rhinovirus, EBV, HSV, adenovirus, enterovirus, Group A Strep

Question 23

Complications of mycoplasma infection include? (5)

Answer 23

Erythema multiforme
SJS
Erythema nodosum
Encephalitis
Transverse myelitis

Question 24

Most common infectious cause of acute chest syndrome in patients wtih sickle cell disease?

Answer 24

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 25

Antibiotic choice for patient with intra-cerebral abscess?

Answer 25

Ceftriaxone + metronidazole

Question 26

Campylobacter jejuni infection has a strong association with which neurological Cx?

Answer 26

Guillian-Barre syndrome

- Miller-Fisher variant

Question 27

Erythema infectiosum is also called what?

What infection is this secondary to?

Answer 27

5ths disease

Pavovirus B19