Bacteria

Question 1

H. pylori is what type of bug?

Answer 1

Gram negative spiral bacillus

Question 2

Hemophillus Influenzae causes? (5)

Answer 2

Meningitis
Pneumonia
Peri-orbital cellulitis
Epiglottitis
Osteomyelitis

Question 3

What determines if an organism is gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 3

If there’s a cell wall able to take up gram stain a bacterium is classified as gram positive

Question 4

What is Panton Valentin Leukoudin (PVL)?

Answer 4

Caused by S. Aureas toxin release
Causes lysis of neutrophils and macrophages (by forming pores in the cell surface)
Leads to necrotising pneumonia

Question 5

Mycoplasma infection can give rise to what diseases?

Answer 5

Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Pauciarticular arthritis
Pneumonia (usually endemic)
Myocarditis
Hemolytic anaemia

Question 6

Complications of M. Pneumoniae include what?

Answer 6

Erythema multiforme
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Erythema nodosum
Encephalitis
Transverse myelitis

Question 7

Rate of asymptomatic colonisation with H pylori in children?

Answer 7

~30%

Question 8

Long term complications of H pylori infection include?

Answer 8

Predisposition to gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma

Question 9

Management of H Pylori infection?

Answer 9

PPI + 2 of clarithromycin/metronidazole/amoxil for 1-2/52

Question 10

Most common cause of meningogoccal disease?

Answer 10

Group B Meningococcal (developing vaccines)

Question 11

Distribution of meningococcal disease?

* ?%meningitis, ?%sepsis

Answer 11

15% meningitis
25% septicaemia
60% mixed

Question 12

Mortality associated with menigococcal sepsis?

Answer 12

Mortality 10%

Question 13

Two main groups of Salmonella?

Answer 13

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (*causes enteritis)
Typhoidal Salmonella (*enteric fever/tyhoid fever)

Question 14

What type of Bacterial is Salmonella?

Answer 14

Non-encapsulated

Gram negative Rod

Question 15

Incubation period for Salmonella (non-typhoidal)?

Answer 15

6-72hrs

Question 16

Illness associated with Non-typhoidal Salmonella infection?

Answer 16

Enteritis: N+V + abdo pain + watery diarrhoea lasts 2-7 days
Bacteremia: 1-5%

Question 17

Management of Non-typhoidal Salmonella?

• Normal child
• <3mths or immunocompromised

Answer 17

Normal child: supportive therapy (Abx prolongs excretion of pathogenic organism)
<3mths/IC: 7/7 Cipro/Azithromycin OR IV: cipro/Ceftriaxone

Question 18

Complications of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the following groups:
Infants
Sickle cell disease
IBD

Answer 18

Infants: Salmonella Meningitis
Sickle cell disease: Osteomyelitis
IBD: toxic megacolon

Question 19

Shigella Species which is endemic in Asia + Africa?

Industrialised nations?

Answer 19

Africa/Asia: Shigella dysenteriae

Aus: Shigella Sonnei

Question 20

What type of Bacteria is Shigella?

Answer 20

Non-motile gram negative rod

Question 21

Vectors for Shigella infection?

Answer 21

Contaminated food (salad)
Person to Person (F-O)
Highly contagious (childcare outbreaks)

Question 22

The following presentation would be consistent with what infective organism?

Answer 22

Shigella infection

40% of hospitalised kids have CNS Cx including headache, lethargy, confusion and seizure (??secondary to release inflam mediators)

Question 23

Management of Shigella infection?

Answer 23

Fluids + electrolytes
Abx: Cipro/Noflox/Bactrim
3rd world: Zinc + vit A

Question 24

What type of bacterium is Campylobacter jejuni?

Answer 24

Curved, gram negative organism, non-spore forming

Question 25

With regards to Campylobacter jejuni;
Reservoir for infection?
Incubation period?

Answer 25

Reservoir: poultry/raw meats/milk/seafood

Incubation period: 1-7 days

Question 26

Complications following Campylobacter infection include? (3)

Answer 26

Erythema nodosum
Large joint reactive arthritis
Guillian Barre Syndrome (linked to Miller Fisher Variant which includes; ataxia, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia)

Question 27

Most common cause of occult bacteremia in Aussie kids?

Answer 27

Strep pneumoniae

Question 28

Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis?

Answer 28

5 - 10%

Question 29

Percentage of children with neurological sequelae following pneumococcal meningitis?

Answer 29

20%