Bacteria Flashcards
H. pylori is what type of bug?
Gram negative spiral bacillus
Hemophillus Influenzae causes? (5)
Meningitis Pneumonia Peri-orbital cellulitis Epiglottitis Osteomyelitis
What determines if an organism is gram positive or gram negative?
If there’s a cell wall able to take up gram stain a bacterium is classified as gram positive
What is Panton Valentin Leukoudin (PVL)?
Caused by S. Aureas toxin release
Causes lysis of neutrophils and macrophages (by forming pores in the cell surface)
Leads to necrotising pneumonia
Mycoplasma infection can give rise to what diseases?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome Pauciarticular arthritis Pneumonia (usually endemic) Myocarditis Hemolytic anaemia
Complications of M. Pneumoniae include what?
Erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Erythema nodosum Encephalitis Transverse myelitis
Rate of asymptomatic colonisation with H pylori in children?
~30%
Long term complications of H pylori infection include?
Predisposition to gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
Management of H Pylori infection?
PPI + 2 of clarithromycin/metronidazole/amoxil for 1-2/52
Most common cause of meningogoccal disease?
Group B Meningococcal (developing vaccines)
Distribution of meningococcal disease?
* ?%meningitis, ?%sepsis
15% meningitis
25% septicaemia
60% mixed
Mortality associated with menigococcal sepsis?
Mortality 10%
Two main groups of Salmonella?
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (*causes enteritis) Typhoidal Salmonella (*enteric fever/tyhoid fever)
What type of Bacterial is Salmonella?
Non-encapsulated
Gram negative Rod
Incubation period for Salmonella (non-typhoidal)?
6-72hrs
Illness associated with Non-typhoidal Salmonella infection?
Enteritis: N+V + abdo pain + watery diarrhoea lasts 2-7 days
Bacteremia: 1-5%
Management of Non-typhoidal Salmonella?
- Normal child
- <3mths or immunocompromised
Normal child: supportive therapy (Abx prolongs excretion of pathogenic organism)
<3mths/IC: 7/7 Cipro/Azithromycin OR IV: cipro/Ceftriaxone
Complications of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the following groups:
Infants
Sickle cell disease
IBD
Infants: Salmonella Meningitis
Sickle cell disease: Osteomyelitis
IBD: toxic megacolon
Shigella Species which is endemic in Asia + Africa?
Industrialised nations?
Africa/Asia: Shigella dysenteriae
Aus: Shigella Sonnei
What type of Bacteria is Shigella?
Non-motile gram negative rod
Vectors for Shigella infection?
Contaminated food (salad) Person to Person (F-O) Highly contagious (childcare outbreaks)
The following presentation would be consistent with what infective organism?
Shigella infection
40% of hospitalised kids have CNS Cx including headache, lethargy, confusion and seizure (??secondary to release inflam mediators)
Management of Shigella infection?
Fluids + electrolytes
Abx: Cipro/Noflox/Bactrim
3rd world: Zinc + vit A
What type of bacterium is Campylobacter jejuni?
Curved, gram negative organism, non-spore forming
With regards to Campylobacter jejuni;
Reservoir for infection?
Incubation period?
Reservoir: poultry/raw meats/milk/seafood
Incubation period: 1-7 days
Complications following Campylobacter infection include? (3)
Erythema nodosum
Large joint reactive arthritis
Guillian Barre Syndrome (linked to Miller Fisher Variant which includes; ataxia, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia)
Most common cause of occult bacteremia in Aussie kids?
Strep pneumoniae
Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis?
5 - 10%
Percentage of children with neurological sequelae following pneumococcal meningitis?
20%
