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Pharm > Vaccinations > Flashcards

Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

Immune develops a defense against antigens in the form of

A

antibodies by B lymphocytes

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2
Q

How are immune globulin made?

A

Pooling of IgG antibody fraction from thousand of adult donors

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3
Q

What are immune globulins used for?

A

Post-exposure (hepatitic, meales)

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4
Q

What is a specific IgG that targets one specific antigen. Used for post-exposure prophylaxis for hep B, rabies, tetanus and varicella. Specific for one disease

A

homologous human hyperimmune globin

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5
Q

What is produced in animals and contains antibodies against only one antigen. Used for botulism and diphtheria.

A

Heterologous hyperimmune serum (antitoxin)

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6
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

A

DIagnosis and certain types of cancer, treatment of cancer, prevention of transplant rejection

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7
Q

What is a monoclonal antibody available for prevention of RSV. (only monoclonal antibody available for an infective)

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

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8
Q

What produces an immune response similar to that produced by natural infection but w/o the disease and complications?

A

Vaccination

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9
Q

What can the presence of maternal antibody do?

A

Can make it so a vaccine won’t work well int eh first year of life

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10
Q

What is extra material that helps stabilize the vaccine?

A

Adjuvants

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11
Q

What is a vaccine produced by modifying a disease producing (wild type) virus of bacterium. Resulting organism retains ability to grow and produce immunity but usually don’t cause illness.

A

Live attenuated

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12
Q

What is composed of whole viruses or bacteria or fractions of either (protein based or polysaccharide based)

A

Inactivated virus

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13
Q

Inactivated vaccine that come from the toxin that bacterial produces.

A

Protein-based inactivated vaccine

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14
Q

Inactivated vaccine that comes from the portion of the polysaccharide wall of the bacteria, or link it to a protein to create vaccination.

A

Polysaccharide based inactivated vaccine

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15
Q

WHat type vaccine can be interfered with maternal antibodies?

A

Live attenuated

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16
Q

What vaccine is most sensitive to mom’s antibodies.

A

Measles

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17
Q

What 2 vaccines are least effected by mom’s antibodies?

A

Rotovirus

Polio

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18
Q

how many doses do life attenuated doses require?

A 
1 dose 
(except if administered orally)
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19
Q

What can life attenuated vaccines be destroyed by?

A

Destroyed by heat and light

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20
Q

What are some life attenuated vaccines (viral)?

A

MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Varicella zoster
Rotavirus
Intranasal influenza

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21
Q

What is an example of a life attenuated (bacterial)?

A

Oral typhoid vaccine

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22
Q

How many doses do inactivated vaccines usually require?

A

3-5 doses (ex- Hep B)

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23
Q

what does the first dose of the inactivated vaccine do?

A

Primes the immune system so the response develops after 2nd or 3rd dose
Never give a vaccine too early!

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24
Q

What type immune response is there mostly with inactivated vaccines?

A

Mostly humoral (little cellular immunity occurs)

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25
Q

What are three viral whole-cell vaccines (inactivated)

A

Polio
Hep A
Rabies

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26
Q

What are some subunit fraction vaccines?

A 
hep B
Influenza
Acellular pertussis
HPV
anthrax
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27
Q

What are not very good at creating immunogenic resposne in children younger than 2?

A

Pure polysaccharides so you want

to use a conjugated polysaccharide version

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28
Q

What improves immunogenicity upon polysaccharides, T cell dpendent?

A

Conjugated polysaccharide

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29
Q

If there an interference with inactivated vaccine and antibodies?

A

No, but there is with a live vaccine

30
Q

IF an antibody (immunoglobulin) is given, how long do you have to wait to give a vaccine?

31
Q

If a vaccine is given, how long do you have to wait to give an antibody?

32
Q

What is an exception to the antibody vaccine rule?

A

Zoster vaccine

33
Q

Does anti-Rho(D) reduce response to rubella vaccine?

A

No it doesn’t (can administer this regardless of rubella vaccine status)

34
Q

Are oral live vaccines usually affected by circulating antibodies?

35
Q

What can you give with live attenuated vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccines

36
Q

When do you use immunoglobulin (passive antibodies)?

A

When you are treating for the disease (ex- rabies)

37
Q

which two vaccines should be separated for the first dose for child 12 months- 47 months?

A

MMR and varicella vaccines

38
Q

Can you combine vaccines into one injection?

A

No except DTaP-IPV/Hib

39
Q

Does increasing the interval between doses of a multi-dose vaccine diminish the effectiveness?

A

No, it is okay to give a vaccine later

40
Q

What type vaccine is most likely to have systemic ADRs?

A

live attenuated

41
Q

What vaccine can you not given to individuals who have an egg allergy?

A

Influenza vaccine

42
Q

What serious ADR can pertussis and a contraindication to getting further pertussis vaccines.

A

Encephalopathy not due to another cause

43
Q

Who can not receive life vaccines?

A

Pregnant women

immunosuppression

44
Q

If a patient received blood products, what vaccinations should they not receive?

A

MMR and varicella (Not zoster)

45
Q

Can HPV be given during pregnancy?

46
Q

Does breast feeding extend or improve passive immunity for baby?

A

No, except maybe H. influenzae type B

47
Q

What type bacteria is diptheria?

A

Aerobic gram positive bacillus

48
Q

What do you give for diptheria?

A

Antitoxin (passive immunity) to neutralize circulating

49
Q

What antibiotics are given for diptheria?

A

Erythromycin or procain Pen G

50
Q

What do you do for prevention of diptheria?

A

diphtheria bosster and antibiotics

51
Q

What vaccine is diptheria (toxoid) combined with?

A

teatnus toxoid

52
Q

Those under 7 years should receive what form of diptheria and tetanus vaccine?

A

DT (DTaP for acellular pertussis)

53
Q

Those over 7 years shoudl recieve what type of diptheria and tetanus vaccine?

A

TD (Tdap for acellular pertussis)

54
Q

The pediatric (DT) toxoid has how many more times diptheria toxoid?

A

2-4 times as much diptheria toxoid

55
Q

If a patient has had 0-2 prior doses of tetanus vaccination what should you give them?

A

TIG and Td or Tdap

56
Q

What type bacteria is haemophilus influenze Type B?

A

grame negative coccbacillus

generally aerobic

57
Q

How do you treat H. influenze type B?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin x 10

58
Q

what is the combo of Hep A and Hep B if over age 18?

59
Q

What is the name of inactivated whole virus vaccine for hep A?

60
Q

What vaccine contains trace amounts of neomycin, streptomycin and polymixin B?

A

IPV-1 (inactivated polio)

61
Q

Which type of polio virus is a life attenuated?

A

Oral poliovaccine (shed in patients stool for up to 6 weeks- so transmission possible)

62
Q

What is the drug of choice for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin and supportive care (manage airway)

63
Q

Is rotavirus a life attenuated vaccine?

A

Yes (oral vaccine)

64
Q

What HPV virus is recommended for females and males aged 9-26 (strain 16,18,6,11)

A

Gardasil- Quadrivlanet HPV (HPV4)

65
Q

What is a HPV vaccine approved for females only and cover types 15-18. Can be given to females 10-25.

66
Q

What types bacteria is neisseria meningitidis?

A

Aerobic gram negative bacteria

67
Q

What are the 2 vaccines for meningococcal (ages 2-55)?

A

Menactra and Menveo

68
Q

Who is the intranasal spray for influenza approved for?

A

Healthy, non-pregnant persons aged 2-49 years of age (can be shed in nasopharyngeal secretiosn for up to 3 weeks)

69
Q

what type bacteria is streptococcus penumoniae?

A

gram positive bacteria

70
Q

what is the vaccine for pneumococcal?

A 
Pneumovax 23 (adults >65 or high risk)
PCV13- pneumococcal conjugate (2-59 months)
71
Q

What is the life attenuated varicella vaccine?

A

Varivax (also in MMRV)

72
Q

Who is the herpes zoster vaccine available to?

A

Patients >60

Pharm (29 decks)

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