Midterm Drugs Flashcards
Atropine is an antidote to what class of drugs
Direct Acting Cholinergic Drugs
What drug increases intestinal motility and tone, stimulates expulsion of urine, and is used in postoperative or postpartum urinary retention and postoperative abdominal dissension?
Bethanechol
What drug treats glaucoma by rapid mitosis and contraction of ciliary muscles? The ADRs include CNS effects, profuse sweating, salivation
Pilocarpine
What drug is used to diagnose asthma?
Methacholine by bronchoconstriction
What drug has DOA of 1 hour, is used locally for glaucoma, and has little to no side effects when used locally?
Carbachol (Carbamylcholine)
What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are irreversible and lipid soluble?
Organophosphates
What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are reversible and water soluble?
Carbamates
What do Physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium, tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamin have in common?
They are carbamates that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and block its active site. They are hydrolyzed within 2-8 hours
What treats open angle glaucoma and inactivates acetocholinesterase requiring it to be resynthesized?
Echothiophate
What 5 drugs are used as weapons of mass destruction?
tabun, sarin, soman, parathion, malathion
What drug is used for glaucoma, increases intestinal and bladder motility, reverse CNS and cardiac effects of TCA, and reverse CNS effects of atropine?
Physostigmine
What 3 drugs treats myasthesia gravis and is used following surgery?
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium
What drug amplifies the effects of Ach by stopping its breakdown temporarily?
Physostigmine
What 2 drugs amplify effects of Ach and treat glaucoma?
Isoflurophate, Echothiophate
What are two antidotes for indirect acting cholinergic drugs?
Atropine and pralidoxime
How does pralidoxime work as an antidote?
cholinesterase reactivator (breaks bond between drug and un-aged cholinesterase)
How does atropine work as an antidote?
antimuscarinic; reduces the effects of Ach at muscarinic site
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on the CNS for Parkinson’s disease?
Benztropine
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on GU to treat transient cystitis and postoperative bladder spasms?
Oxybutinin
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on eye to create mydriasis and cycloplegia?
Atropine
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CNS to prevent and reduce motion sickness?
scopolamine
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on bronchi by bronchodilating for asthma?
Ipratorium
What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CI to reduce transient motility and is used in combination with other antiulcer drugs?
Methscopolamine
What are class of drugs are trimethaphan, mecamylamine, high dose nicotine?
Ganglionic Blockers (nicotinic antagonists)
What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the eye?
moderate mydriasis and cycloplegia
What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the glands?
reduction of salivation, lacrimation, sweating, gastric secretion
What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the vessels?
reduction of arteriolar and venous tone; decreased blood pressure
What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the the GI tract?
reduced motility and constipation
What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the GU tract?
reduced contractility of bladder
What is a long duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blocker?
Tubocurarine
What are 2 short duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blockers?
Vecuronium and Pancuronium
What are 2 depolarizing (non-competitive antagonist) neuromuscular blockers?
Succinylcholine and decamethonium
What are the 4 locations that a low dose of epinephrine will act?
CV, respiratory, hyperglycemia, lipolysis
What are the 2 locations that a high dose of epinephrine will act?
CV and hyperglycemia
What are ADR for epinephrine?
CNS (anxiety, fear, tension, HA, tremor), hemorrhage, arrythmias, pulmonary edema
What are the 4 main therapeutic applications of epinephrine?
Asthma, glaucoma, anaphylaxis, prolong anesthetics
What is the main therapeutic application of norepinephrine?
increase BP and used in shock
