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Pharm > Midterm Drugs > Flashcards

Midterm Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine is an antidote to what class of drugs

A

Direct Acting Cholinergic Drugs

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2
Q

What drug increases intestinal motility and tone, stimulates expulsion of urine, and is used in postoperative or postpartum urinary retention and postoperative abdominal dissension?

A

Bethanechol

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3
Q

What drug treats glaucoma by rapid mitosis and contraction of ciliary muscles? The ADRs include CNS effects, profuse sweating, salivation

A

Pilocarpine

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4
Q

What drug is used to diagnose asthma?

A

Methacholine by bronchoconstriction

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5
Q

What drug has DOA of 1 hour, is used locally for glaucoma, and has little to no side effects when used locally?

A

Carbachol (Carbamylcholine)

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6
Q

What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are irreversible and lipid soluble?

A

Organophosphates

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7
Q

What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are reversible and water soluble?

A

Carbamates

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8
Q

What do Physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium, tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamin have in common?

A

They are carbamates that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and block its active site. They are hydrolyzed within 2-8 hours

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9
Q

What treats open angle glaucoma and inactivates acetocholinesterase requiring it to be resynthesized?

A

Echothiophate

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10
Q

What 5 drugs are used as weapons of mass destruction?

A

tabun, sarin, soman, parathion, malathion

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11
Q

What drug is used for glaucoma, increases intestinal and bladder motility, reverse CNS and cardiac effects of TCA, and reverse CNS effects of atropine?

A

Physostigmine

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12
Q

What 3 drugs treats myasthesia gravis and is used following surgery?

A

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium

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13
Q

What drug amplifies the effects of Ach by stopping its breakdown temporarily?

A

Physostigmine

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14
Q

What 2 drugs amplify effects of Ach and treat glaucoma?

A

Isoflurophate, Echothiophate

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15
Q

What are two antidotes for indirect acting cholinergic drugs?

A

Atropine and pralidoxime

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16
Q

How does pralidoxime work as an antidote?

A

cholinesterase reactivator (breaks bond between drug and un-aged cholinesterase)

17
Q

How does atropine work as an antidote?

A

antimuscarinic; reduces the effects of Ach at muscarinic site

18
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on the CNS for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Benztropine

19
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on GU to treat transient cystitis and postoperative bladder spasms?

A

Oxybutinin

20
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on eye to create mydriasis and cycloplegia?

A

Atropine

21
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CNS to prevent and reduce motion sickness?

A

scopolamine

22
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on bronchi by bronchodilating for asthma?

A

Ipratorium

23
Q

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CI to reduce transient motility and is used in combination with other antiulcer drugs?

A

Methscopolamine

24
Q

What are class of drugs are trimethaphan, mecamylamine, high dose nicotine?

A

Ganglionic Blockers (nicotinic antagonists)

25
Q

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the eye?

A

moderate mydriasis and cycloplegia

26
Q

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the glands?

A

reduction of salivation, lacrimation, sweating, gastric secretion

27
Q

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the vessels?

A

reduction of arteriolar and venous tone; decreased blood pressure

28
Q

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the the GI tract?

A

reduced motility and constipation

29
Q

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the GU tract?

A

reduced contractility of bladder

30
Q

What is a long duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blocker?

A

Tubocurarine

31
Q

What are 2 short duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blockers?

A

Vecuronium and Pancuronium

32
Q

What are 2 depolarizing (non-competitive antagonist) neuromuscular blockers?

A

Succinylcholine and decamethonium

33
Q

What are the 4 locations that a low dose of epinephrine will act?

A

CV, respiratory, hyperglycemia, lipolysis

34
Q

What are the 2 locations that a high dose of epinephrine will act?

A

CV and hyperglycemia

35
Q

What are ADR for epinephrine?

A

CNS (anxiety, fear, tension, HA, tremor), hemorrhage, arrythmias, pulmonary edema

36
Q

What are the 4 main therapeutic applications of epinephrine?

A

Asthma, glaucoma, anaphylaxis, prolong anesthetics

37
Q

What is the main therapeutic application of norepinephrine?

A

increase BP and used in shock

Pharm (29 decks)

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