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pharm > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

amount that produces desired intensity of effect in 50% of individuals tested

A

Median effective dose

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2
Q

amount that produces toxic effects in 50% of individuals tested

A

median toxic dose

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3
Q

If blood levels are below ______ the drug won’t work.

A

MEC

minimum effective concentration

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4
Q

If the drug is above ______ then is harming the patient.

A

MTC

Minimum toxic concentration

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5
Q

What does a loading dose do?

A

Gets blood levels up quickly. Used to etablish desired blood levels of medications

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6
Q

What is a child from birth- 1 month referred to as?

A

Neonate

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7
Q

A child from 1 month to 1 year is what?

A

Infant

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8
Q

Early childhood is considered

A

1 years to 5 years

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9
Q

Late childhood is considered

A

6-12 years

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10
Q

Adolescence is considered what ages?

A

13-17 years

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11
Q

In children, doses are often what?

A

Weight-based

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12
Q

Body surface area is often used in medications for what?

A

Children

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13
Q

What does percent mean?

A

Rate per hundred

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14
Q

%w/v ( weight/ volume)

A

grams/ 100 mL

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15
Q

% v/v

A

mL/ 100 mL

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16
Q

%w/w

A

grams/ 100 grams

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17
Q

Ideal Body Weight for males

A

50 kg + 2.3 kg for each inch over 5 feet

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18
Q

Ideal body weight for females

A

45.5 kg + 2.3 kg for each inch over 5 feet

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19
Q

When do you use adjusted body weight?

A

If the person is more than 30% obese

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20
Q

What is the equation for adjusted body weight?

A

IBW + 0.4 (ABW-IBW)

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21
Q

What is the equation for creatine clearance?

A

(140- age) x IBW/ (Scr x 72) (0.85 for females)

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22
Q

What is a normal SCR (serum creatine)

A

< 1 mg/dL

23
Q

Where does serum creatine come from?

A

Muscles (if you have no muscles it will be low)

24
Q

What is a normal creatine clearance?

A

> 100 mL/ min

25
Q

What is a creatine clearance that requires an adjustment of medications.

A

30 mL/ min

26
Q

What is the Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body and their mechanism of action?

A

pharmacodynamics

27
Q

Variables influence the drug reaching its site of action and the length of time it remains there

A

Pharmacokinetics

28
Q

What is an all or none response?

A

Quantal

29
Q

What are the two types of dose response curves?

A

Quantal and graded

30
Q

maximal response produced by a drug.

A

Efficacy

31
Q

the amount of drug needed to elicit a given response.

A

Potency

32
Q

The steeper the slope of the response curve the _____ the dose change required to get to a desired effect

A

smaller

33
Q

binds receptor and activates

A

Agonist

34
Q

binds receptor at active site and produces only a partial response even when all the receptors are bound

A

Partial agonist

35
Q

inactivate agonist before it has the opportunity to act

A

chemical antagonist

36
Q

cause a physiologic effect opposite to that induced by the agonist

A

Physiologic antagonists

37
Q

Binds reversibly to the active site of a receptor, and does not cause activation

A

Competitive antagonist

38
Q

Antagonists shift the dose response curve which way?

A

To the right (agonist has to overcome antagonist to illicit a response)

39
Q

Bind to either active or allosteric site of receptor.

If binding the active site binding is irreversible and can’t be outcompeted by agonist

A

Noncompetitive antagonist

40
Q

Range of doses of drug that elicits therapeutic response without unacceptable toxicity

A

Therapeutic window

41
Q

What medications must you be cautious with?

A

Those with a narrow therapeutic index

42
Q

Binds reversibly to the active site of a receptor, and does not cause activation

A

Competitive antagonist

43
Q

How many cm are in one inch?

A

2.54 cm

44
Q

How many mL are in 1 tsp?

A

5 mL

45
Q

1 kg = ____ lb.

A

2.2 lbs

46
Q

If actual weight is < IBW what weight should you use?

A

actual body weight

47
Q

EDTA

A

chelator with high affinity for lead

48
Q

Antacids

A

bases and act by neutralizing gastric acid

49
Q

Mannitol

A
  • Biologically inert and doesn’t penetrate membranes
  • filtered into urine
  • osmotic diuretic (makes you pee)
50
Q

Raloxifene

A
  • acts as a partial agonist to estrogen receptors in bone

- antagonist to estrogen receptor in breast

51
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  • partial agonist with high affinity for Mu-opioid receptor
  • more potent but less efficacious then full agonist (morphine)
  • produce some response, but not full affect like addictive drug
52
Q

What is used clinically to treat addiction, and can cause withdrawal by outcompeting?

A

Buprenorphine

53
Q

What does inhibit potentially dangerous increases that would occur with sympathetic stimulation? Often a beta-blocker, partial agonist.

A

Pindolol

pharm (29 decks)

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