Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

Why are viruses hard to treat?

Answer 1

They get in the host cell and incorporate into host DNA

Question 2

What is an illness that recurs w/o re-exposure?

Answer 2

Latent viruses

Question 3

What are most antiviral agents considered to be?

Answer 3

Virustatic

Question 4

Amantadine and Rimantadine are specifically used to treat what?

Answer 4

Influenza type A

Question 5

What are 2 drugs that inhibit influenza A or B? Used for prophylaxis or treatment (Neuraminidase inhibitors)

Answer 5

Oseltamivir (oral)

Zanamivir (intra-nasal)

Question 6

What 2 anit-virals inhibit attachment of the virus to the human cell?

Answer 6

Pleoconaril (not FDA approved)

Docosanol

Question 7

What is doconsanol used for?

Answer 7

herpes infection (as OTC cream)
applied when patient have prodromal symptoms

Question 8

what are 5 guanosine analogs that block DNA synthesis from viral DNA

Answer 8

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Penciclovir
Famiciclovir
Ganciclovir

Question 9

What do acyclovir and valacyclovir treat?

Answer 9

Herpes simplex and zoster
varicella zoster (treat w/i 24 hours)

Question 10

How are acyclovir and valacyclovir related?

Answer 10

valacyclovir is the oral prodrug of acyclovir

Question 11

How an penciclovir and famciclovir related?

Answer 11

Famciclovir is the oral prodrug of penciclovir

Question 12

What category preggo are acyclovir and penciclovir?

Answer 12

Category B

Question 13

How are ganciclovir and valganciclovir related?

Answer 13

Valganciclovir is the oral prodrug of ganciclovir

Question 14

What does ganciclovir used to treat?

Answer 14

CMV in immunocompromised patients

active against all herpes viruses

Question 15

When do you use vidarabine?

Answer 15

viral thymidine kinase resistance

Question 16

What indications is vidarabine?

Answer 16

Keratitis
keratoconjunctivitis due to HSV
life threatening HSV
varicella, zoster infection

Question 17

Who is cidofovir reserved for?

Answer 17

AIDS patients who aren’t responding to other drugs

Question 18

What is a topical for HSV types 1 and 2 keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis?

Answer 18

Idoxuridine

Question 19

What is a anti-viral that doesn’t require phosphorylation?

Answer 19

Adefovir

Foscarnet

Question 20

What is adefovir used for?

Answer 20

treatment of chornic active infections of hep B

Question 21

What is Foscarnet used for?

Answer 21

CMV infections, acyclovir resistanct herpes simplex or varciella, zoster

Question 22

What is a large problem with foscarnet?

Answer 22

nephrotoxicity

Question 23

Does foscarnet require phosporhylation?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What is ribavirin used treat?

Answer 24

RSV

Question 25

What is ribavirin plus peginterferon used for?

Answer 25

Hepatitis C

Question 26

What are interferons primarily used for?

Answer 26

Hepatitis

Question 27

Interferons are what?

Answer 27

Immunomodulatory

Question 28

What are some dose limiting toxicities of interferons?

Answer 28

Neutropenia and anemia

“flu like syndromes”

Question 29

What do interferons primarily prevent with the virus?

Answer 29

Prevent translation of viral proteins

Question 30

What interferon is used for hepatitis B and C, genital warts, hairy-cell leukemia, Kaposi’s sacroma

Answer 30

Interferon alpha

Question 31

What is interferon beta used for?

Answer 31

relapsing-remitting MS