Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
Why are viruses hard to treat?
They get in the host cell and incorporate into host DNA
What is an illness that recurs w/o re-exposure?
Latent viruses
What are most antiviral agents considered to be?
Virustatic
Amantadine and Rimantadine are specifically used to treat what?
Influenza type A
What are 2 drugs that inhibit influenza A or B? Used for prophylaxis or treatment (Neuraminidase inhibitors)
Oseltamivir (oral)
Zanamivir (intra-nasal)
What 2 anit-virals inhibit attachment of the virus to the human cell?
Pleoconaril (not FDA approved)
Docosanol
What is doconsanol used for?
herpes infection (as OTC cream) applied when patient have prodromal symptoms
what are 5 guanosine analogs that block DNA synthesis from viral DNA
Acyclovir Valacyclovir Penciclovir Famiciclovir Ganciclovir
What do acyclovir and valacyclovir treat?
Herpes simplex and zoster varicella zoster (treat w/i 24 hours)
How are acyclovir and valacyclovir related?
valacyclovir is the oral prodrug of acyclovir
How an penciclovir and famciclovir related?
Famciclovir is the oral prodrug of penciclovir
What category preggo are acyclovir and penciclovir?
Category B
How are ganciclovir and valganciclovir related?
Valganciclovir is the oral prodrug of ganciclovir
What does ganciclovir used to treat?
CMV in immunocompromised patients
active against all herpes viruses
When do you use vidarabine?
viral thymidine kinase resistance
What indications is vidarabine?
Keratitis
keratoconjunctivitis due to HSV
life threatening HSV
varicella, zoster infection
Who is cidofovir reserved for?
AIDS patients who aren’t responding to other drugs
What is a topical for HSV types 1 and 2 keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis?
Idoxuridine
What is a anti-viral that doesn’t require phosphorylation?
Adefovir
Foscarnet
What is adefovir used for?
treatment of chornic active infections of hep B
What is Foscarnet used for?
CMV infections, acyclovir resistanct herpes simplex or varciella, zoster
What is a large problem with foscarnet?
nephrotoxicity
Does foscarnet require phosporhylation?
No
What is ribavirin used treat?
RSV
What is ribavirin plus peginterferon used for?
Hepatitis C
What are interferons primarily used for?
Hepatitis
Interferons are what?
Immunomodulatory
What are some dose limiting toxicities of interferons?
Neutropenia and anemia
“flu like syndromes”
What do interferons primarily prevent with the virus?
Prevent translation of viral proteins
What interferon is used for hepatitis B and C, genital warts, hairy-cell leukemia, Kaposi’s sacroma
Interferon alpha
What is interferon beta used for?
relapsing-remitting MS
