Vaccination (Exam 1) Flashcards
Term for administration of killed or weakened infectious organisms or its components to an animal to prevent future disease.
vaccination
(T/F) Vaccination prevents infection.
False
List the 4 goals of vaccination.
- eradication
- elimination
- disease prevention / mitigation
- herd protection
Purpose of vaccination.
prevent disease upon future exposure
Herd protection is meant to protect the (vaccinated/unvaccinated) population through ____% of total vaccination.
unvaccinated
70-90%
(T/F) Both adaptive and cell-mediated immunity are important in the protection of disease by vaccination.
True
With an intracellular, persistent, or latent viral infection, _______ immunity is most important.
cell-mediated
In adaptive immunity, ________ bind to antigens to eliminate pathogens.
antibodies
List the classes of antibody.
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
Which 3 antibodies are most common in viral infections?
IgG
IgA
IgM
Serum IgG (does/does not) correlate with protection against persistent or latent infection.
does not
If viremia occurs, ____ binds and blocks entry of the virus into host cells to limit its spread.
IgG
_______ vaccines are required by law and every susceptible animal should be vaccinated. ______ vaccines are risk-based and not recommended for all animals.
core
non-core
Canine Parvovirus is a (core/non-core) vaccine which requires (one/multiple) vaccine(s).
core
multiple
Why does Canine Parvovirus vaccine require a series of boosters?
unknown maternal antibody timeline which blocks vaccine
What type of vaccine is Canine Parvovirus?
combination vaccine (multivalent)
modified live
________ need more boosters for respiratory vaccines due to their lower developed immunity.
cattle
(T/F) Vaccination always results in protective immunity.
False
What is the most common cause of vaccine failure?
puppy vaccination failure (maternal antibody interferes with MLV)
Depending on a virus and its disease, specific vaccine types may be more efficient. Match the vaccine type (or lack of vaccine) to the virus:
- Influenza
- COVID-19
- FIP
- FIV
- Parvovirus/Distemper
- Rabies
- inactivated
- recombinant
- no vax recommended
- no vax available
- inactivated / recombinant
Rabies in humans in developed countries is rare and usually the result of _______ exposure. In underdeveloped countries, it is more common and result of _______ exposure.
wildlife
dog
Which antibody is induced by contact of antigen with a mucosal surface?
IgA
Which antibody is produced upon first exposure to an antigen?
IgM
Which antibody is produced upon repeated exposure to antigen and offers systemic protection?
IgG
How fast can immunity against a virus or vaccine begin to develop?
4-6 days (IgM)
Which type of vaccine is most commonly used in vet med?
modified-live / attenuated
A modified-live or attenuated vaccine (can/cannot) replicate and is (virulent/non-virulent).
can
non-virulent
(T/F) Modified-live vaccines provide short-term immunity.
False - long-lasting
Modified-live or attenuated vaccines have a(n) (decreased/increased) potential for allergic reaction.
decreased
(T/F) MLV can mutate and revert to a virulent state.
True
Which type of vaccine puts antigenic protein genes of a pathogen in a harmless carrier virus?
recombinant vectored vaccine
(T/F) MLV provide better protection than recombinant vaccines.
False - no clear advantage
Recombinant vaccines offer a (lower/higher) and (can/cannot) revert back to virulence.
higher
cannot
Give an example for a Recombinant vaccine offered in small animals.
Purevax for cats
In a Deletion Mutant Vaccine, a ____________ is deleted so the virus becomes avirulent.
virulence gene
(T/F) It is possible to distinguish between vaccination and wild-type infection using a Deletion Mutant Vaccine.
True
Of the Nucleic Acid vaccines, ______ vaccines are effective and gaining popularity while ______ vaccines have a major problem with vaccine delivery.
RNA
DNA
RNA vaccines are created by deleting structural proteins of _________ replicons which replicate vector RNA in the cytoplasm.
alphavirus
RNA vaccines offer a (broad/specific) immune response.
specific
What is the major advantage to using RNA vaccines?
quick production
A vaccine made of a virus grown in culture and killed by heat or formaldehyde is considered:
inactivated vaccine / killed
(T/F) A major advantage to inactivated vaccines are their stability in storage and safety during pregnancy and immunosuppressed individuals.
True
Inactivated vaccines require _________ to amplify to immune response.
adjuvants
Inactivated vaccines are (more/less) likely to cause hypersensitivity and injection site reactions.
more
(Local/systemic) reactions to vaccination are more common.
local
Vaccine-associated sarcoma or Feline injection site sarcoma are a form of neoplasia which develops from vaccination. It has been associated with which two feline vaccinations? What is their shared quality?
FeLV + Rabies
aluminum adjuvant
A systemic vaccine reaction can occur with a Type ___ Hypersensitivity which leads to:
1
anaphylactic shock
(T/F) Mild fever and lethargy are clinical signs of a systemic vaccine reaction and usually resolve within a few days.
True
Nucleoside analogs are an example of antiviral chemotherapeutics which may potential to treat _______ in cats.
FIP
