Skin (Exam 4) Flashcards
Newcastle Disease Virus is within what genus? Which family?
Genus: Avulavirus
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Newcastle Disease Virus is of the Paramyxoviridae virus which is a (negative/positive) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.
negative sense DNA virus
Newcastle Disease Virus causes serious disease in:
poultry
(T/F) Newcastle Disease Virus is zoonotic.
True
What clinical sign does Newcastle Disease Virus cause in poultry?
conjunctivitis
Direct contact and mechanical vectors ______ and _____ transmit Newcastle Disease Virus.
rodents, flies
List the 3 pathotypes of Newcastle Disease Virus.
- velogenic type
- mesogenic type
- lentogenic type
Match the Newcastle Disease Virus pathotype to its description:
- low pathogenicity, subclinical/mild disease
- moderate disease, death in young birds
- severe disease
- lentogenic
- mesogenic
- velogenic
The velogenic pathotype of Newcastle Disease Virus has two variants:
viscerotropic
neurotropic
(T/F) Velogenic Type Newcastle Disease Virus is reportable in the US.
True
Velogenic pathotype of Newcastle Disease Virus causes ________ Newcastle Disease.
Exotic
The viscerotropic variant of Exotic Newcastle Disease causes necrosis and hemorrhage of ________ and a friable, enlarged _______.
cecal tonsil
spleen
Neurotropic pathotype of Exotic Newcastle Disease have NO gross lesions, but neuronal ________ & _______ histologically.
necrosis & gliosis
Newcastle Disease can cause clinical signs in 4 different body systems:
respiratory
CNS
enteric
reproductive
Vaccination for Newcastle Disease Virus can use ________ strains or inactivated vaccines.
lentogenic
Which virus is endemic to Africa & Egypt, is zoonotic, and readily infects humans?
Rift Valley Fever Virus
Rift Valley Fever Virus is part of which Family? Which Genus?
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Phlebovirus
Rift Valley Fever Virus is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (positive/negative) sense (DNA/RNA) virus with 3 segments.
enveloped negative sense RNA virus
While Rift Valley Fever Virus infects ruminants, dogs, cats, swine, and humans, which two are the Amplifying hosts?
ruminants & humans
(T/F) Rift Valley Fever Virus is most severe in sheep and young animals.
True
Rift Valley Fever Virus is a(n) _______-borne virus.
arthropod
Rift Valley Fever Virus is transmitted by ______ vectors and _______ transmission.
insect
aerosols
The main clinical sign with Rift Valley Fever Virus is:
epidemic hepatitis
Rift Valley Fever Virus causes massive liver necrosis, high rate of ________, and (high/low) mortality in calves/lambs.
abortion
high
Rift Valley Fever Virus causes these clinical signs in which species?
flu-like disease
fatal hemorrhagic fever
encephalitis
humans
Orbiviruses include which 3 specific viruses?
- African Horse Sickness Virus
- Bluetongue Virus
- Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
African Horse Sickness Virus is considered an “________”.
arbovirus
African Horse Sickness Virus is transmitted by what kind of vectors?
arthropods (ticks, mosquitos, culicoides)
______ develop severe disease while _______ & ______ develop mild disease to African Horse Sickness Virus.
horses
donkeys/zebras
African Horse Sickness Virus infects hosts via infect bite and infecting ________ which eventually goes to the lung, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes.
leukocytes
List the 4 syndromes/forms that can occur due to infection with African Horse Sickness Virus.
- peracute pulmonary form
- subacute cardiac form
- horse sickness fever
- mixed form
(T/F) Papilloma viruses are host-specific and zoonotic.
False - NOT zoonotic
Grossly, Papilloma viruses are:
warts (rarely neoplasia)
Papilloma viruses are (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) viruses that infect ________ cells.
dsDNA
epithelial
Papilloma viruses can be ________, which infect upper differentiated epithelial cells, or ________, which infect basal epithelial cells.
productive
non-productive
List 4 viruses discussed that are Papilloma viruses.
- bovine papilloma viruses
- equine sarcoid virus
- equine papillomavirus
- canine papilloma viruses
Bovine Papilloma Viruses can appear in two forms:
cutaneous
esophageal
Equine ________ is a locally aggressive, non-metastatic fibroblastic skin tumor.
sarcoid
Equine Sarcoid occurs in (old/young) horses.
young
Multiple factors such as genetics, skin trauma, and _______ Papillomavirus Types 1 & 2 can cause Equine Sarcoid.
bovine
Equine Sarcoid can appear 3 ways clinically. Match the term to its description:
- small, wart-like growth
- variable (nodule or ulcerated mass)
- slow-growing, thickened skin
- verrucous
- fibroblastic
- occult
Equine Papillomavirus can cause _________ warts in young horses or _________ warts in horses of any age.
cutaneous
flat
There are ___ Canine Papilloma Viruses which cause skin warts and 1 which causes Canine _____ Papillomavirus.
3
oral
(T/F) Poxviridae is very environmentally stable, surviving for years in dust.
True
Poxviridae is a (large/small) (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) virus.
large dsDNA virus
Where does Poxviridae replicate?
cytoplasm
_________ immunity is needed to protect from Poxviridae while ________ immunity is not protective.
cell-mediated
humoral
Poxviridae is transmitted through shedding via:
scabs
Poxviridae causes a gross lesion called a _______ and a histological lesion called _________.
pock
viroplasms
Capripoxviruses include which 3 specific viruses? Which species are affected?
- sheeppox (sheep)
- goatpox (goats)
- lumpy skin disease virus (cattle)
Capripoxviruses are inoculated or inhaled and then replicate in _________, leading to viremia and subsequent infection of __________.
lymphoid tissues
keratinocytes/epithelial cells
List two possible clinical signs other than pock formation from Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses.
mucosal ulcers
pneumonia
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus causes diffuse dermal or subdermal pocks called _________ and central, inverted conical areas of necrosis called “_________”.
granulomas
sit-fast
List the 4 viruses that are Orthopox Viruses.
- Vaccinia Virus
- Cowpox Virus
- Monkeypox Virus
- Variola Virus
________ virus is an Orthropox virus which protects humans from smallpox.
vaccinia
________ Virus is spread via direct contact, infects a variety of species, and was used by Edward Jenner to protect humans from smallpox.
Cowpox
Match the clinical signs of Cowpox Virus to the species:
- fever, ulcerated nodules, pneumonia
- vesicles/ulcers (udder, teat)
- pock (face or hands)
- cats
- cows
- humans
________ Virus infects squirrels, non-human primates, and humans, spread via respiratory transmission.
Monkeypox
Humans infected with ________ virus develop swollen lymph nodes and blister rashes that resembles smallpox.
Monkeypox
What is the reservoir host for Cowpox & Monkeypox Viruses?
rodents
_______ Virus is the cause of smallpox, the first eradicated disease.
variola
Variola Virus causes fever followed by _______ formation.
pock
Contagious Ecthyma / Pustular Dermatitis Virus and Pseudocowpox Viruses are a part of which overall group of viruses?
Parapoxvirus
Which parapoxvirus is one of the most common zoonoses?
Contagious Ecthyma / Pustular Dermatitis Virus
Contagious Ecthyma infects which 3 species?
sheep, goats, humans
Immunity to Contagious Ecthyma is (short/long) term.
short
What are the major clinical signs of Contagious Ecthyma?
crusted ulcers & thick scabs (teats, udders of ewes)
Which virus is zoonotic and its main clinical sign if a horseshoe red lesion on the teats, udder, or perineum?
Pseudocowpox
List 2 Leporipoxviruses in Rabbits.
Myxoma Virus
Rabbit Fibroma Virus
_________ Virus causes benign skin fibroma in ALL rabbits while ________ Virus causes conjunctivitis and death in European rabbits but benign skin fibroma in wild rabbits.
Rabbit Fibroma
Myxoma
__________ is a worldwide endemic swine pox virus with high morbidity and low mortality.
suipoxvirus (swinepox)
Suipoxvirus can be transmitted via direct contact and mechanical vector, ___________ ________.
Hematopinus suis (louse)
