Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Exam 2)

Question 2

BVDV is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (DNA/RNA) virus.

Answer 2

enveloped RNA virus

Question 3

________ are the primary hosts for BVDV but sheep, goats, deer, and camelids are susceptible.

Answer 3

cattle

Question 4

The highest incidence of clinical disease by BVDV is often in cattle from what age range?

Answer 4

6 months - 2 years

Question 5

Persistent infection of what animal can be a significant source of transmission of BVDV?

Answer 5

white-tailed deer

Question 6

What are the 2 biotypes of BVDV?

Answer 6

cytopathic
non-cytopathic

Question 7

Majority of BVDV infections are with the (cytopathic/non-cytopathic) biotype.

Answer 7

non-cytopathic

Question 8

Cytopathic biotype of BVDV causes a _________ disease which is often fatal.

Answer 8

mucosal

Question 9

What are the 2 genotypes of BVDV? Which biotype do they have?

Answer 9

Type I
Type II
*both genotypes have both biotypes

Question 10

Infection of BVDV can often lead to ___________, especially in immunosuppressed animals.

Answer 10

secondary bacterial infection

Question 11

(T/F) BVDV can be transmitted vertically and horizontally via direct contact or fomites.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The two major factors which determine the pathogenesis and severity of BVDV infection are _________ and ________.

Answer 12

immune status
gestational age

Question 13

In pregnant cattle with normal immunity, what are the possible outcomes after BVDV infection? (4)

Answer 13

1. infertility / abortion
2. persistently infected calf
3. congenital defects
4. virus cleared (late gestation)

Question 14

(T/F) In persistently infected calves, the non-cytopathic biotype can convert to cytopathic and cause mucosal disease and death.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

List a few clinical signs of mucosal disease by BVDV.

Answer 15

fever
watery D+
oral ulcers
nasal discharge
lameness

Question 16

Persistently infected cattle with BVDV test sero(positive/negative) using ELISA or PCR.

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

_______ is the choice sample to test for BVDV in persistent infections.

Answer 17

skin

Question 18

Blue Tongue Virus is a (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA), (enveloped/nonenveloped) virus.

Answer 18

nonenveloped dsRNA

Question 19

Blue Tongue Virus infects ruminants which are an important reservoir but clinical disease occurs most commonly in:

Answer 19

sheep

Question 20

What is the main mode of transmission for Blue Tongue Virus?

Answer 20

culicoides (biting midges)

Question 21

(T/F) Blue Tongue Virus is stable in the environment and resistant to disinfectants.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

After infection by Blue Tongue, the virus infects _________ –> vascular endothelium –> necrosis, thrombosis, and hemorrhage –> ___________.

Answer 22

macrophages
DIC

Question 23

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus is most common in ________.

Answer 23

deer

Question 24

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease virus is a(n) ______virus spread by _________.

Answer 24

arbovirus
culicoides (biting midges)

Question 25

Border Disease Virus has 4 serotypes and is a _____virus.

Answer 25

pestivirus

Question 26

(T/F) The Border Disease Virus vaccine is effective.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Border Disease Virus infects sheep, cattle, pigs, reindeer, and chamois causing an abnormal _________ congenital lesions.

Answer 27

wool coat