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Virology > FAD (Exam 4) > Flashcards

FAD (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of diseases are transmissible to livestock, poultry, or equine, currently absent from USA with potential for significant impact on human and animal health or the economy?

A

foreign animal diseases (FAD)

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2
Q

(T/F) ALL Foreign Animal Diseases are reportable.

A

True

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3
Q

________ or ________ disease is always present at a constant level in the population.

A

endemic
enzootic

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4
Q

________ or _______ disease have increased cases above what is expected in a population.

A

epidemic
epizootic

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5
Q

_________ or ________ disease is a new disease or a new form endemic to US with incidence increased in recent years and potential to increase soon.

A

emerging
reemerging

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6
Q

List the 4 main routes of FAD introduction.

A
  1. intentional (terrorism)
  2. accidental (import, tourist)
  3. migration (wildlife)
  4. natural (re-emergence, mutation)
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7
Q

________ Diseases are characterized by formation of epithelial vesicles in the mouth, feet, or teats.

A

Vesicular

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8
Q

Which Vesicular Disease is present in Missouri?

A

Seneca Valley Virus (SVV)

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9
Q

List the 5 Vesicular Diseases.

A
  1. Foot & Mouth Disease
  2. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
  3. Vesicular Exanthema Virus
  4. Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
  5. Seneca Valley Virus
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10
Q

Foot & Mouth Disease is a what type of virus?

A

picornavirus

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11
Q

(T/F) Foot & Mouth Disease is zoonotic.

A

False

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12
Q

(T/F) Spread of Foot & Mouth Disease occurs before clinical signs develop.

A

True

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13
Q

There is no known _______ vector for Foot & Mouth Disease.

A

biological

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14
Q

Animals that have recovered or are vaccinated for FMD are __________, EXCEPT pigs.

A

carriers

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15
Q

(T/F) Foot & Mouth Disease infects cattle, swine, horses, sheep, and goats.

A

False - DOES NOT affect horses

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16
Q

_________ host of FMD means that few clinical signs develop but they spread the virus.

A

maintenance

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17
Q

_________ of FMD means they appear ill but shed virus in respiratory secretions.

A

amplifier

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18
Q

_________ of FMD means they have early, severe lesions.

A

indicator

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19
Q

Match which species serve as the following for FMD:

  1. Maintenance Host
  2. Amplifier
  3. Indicator
A
  1. sheep
  2. swine
  3. cattle
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20
Q

Once ingested or inhaled, FMD replicates in lymphoid tissue or ________ prior to vesicle formation.

A

pharynx

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21
Q

While vesicles form in cattle and pigs, _______ only develop mild lesions with FMD so it can be easy to miss.

A

sheep

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22
Q

Term for the fluid-filled eruption from the skin that develops with FMD.

A

vesicle

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23
Q

What lesion develops in young calves infected with FMD, indicating multifocal regions of myocardial coagulative necrosis but NO vesicle formation?

A

Tiger Heart Lesion

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24
Q

(T/F) Vaccination of FMD is appropriate control for FMD in the US.

A

False (cannot determine vaccinated from wild-type infection)

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25
Q

Virkon-S is a useful ________ for FMD control.

A

disinfectant

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26
Q

Which vesicular disease is zoonotic, present in the US, and considered a Rhabdovirus?

A

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)

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27
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus is considered a seasonal disease and therefore transmitted by:

A

insect vectors

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28
Q

(T/F) Vesicular Stomatitis Virus causes high mortality in horses, cattle, and swine.

A

False - 0% mortality, high morbidity

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29
Q

Clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in cattle and swine are indistinguishable from what other disease?

A

Foot & Mouth Disease

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30
Q

Which vesicular disease is a Calicivirus affecting swine?

A

Vesicular Exanthema Virus (VEV)

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31
Q

Which virus is a serotype of Vesicular Exanthema Virus, affecting marine mammals?

A

San Miguel Sea Lion Virus

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32
Q

Vesicular Exanthema Virus causes (more/less) severe disease than FMD.

A

less

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33
Q

Which virus is a vesicular disease which does not have significant zoonotic potential, milder than FMD & VS, and part of the Picornaviridae group?

A

Swine Vesicular Disease Virus

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34
Q

The 2 main clinical signs caused by Swine Vesicular Disease Virus are:

A

lameness, vesicles

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35
Q

What kind of virus is Seneca Valley Virus?

A

Picornavirus

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36
Q

Senecavirus A is the strain of Seneca Valley Virus which is endemic in:

A

swine

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37
Q

Herpesviruses are (enveloped/nonenveloped), (RNA/DNA), isocosahedral viruses.

A

enveloped DNA viruses

38
Q

What are the 3 subfamilies of Herpesviruses?

A
  1. alphaherpesvirinae
  2. betaherpesvirinae
  3. gammaherpesvirinae
39
Q

Fill-in the blanks:

Alphaherpesvirinae
Primary infection site: ________
Latent in: _______

A

epithelial cell
sensory neurons

40
Q

Fill-in the blanks:

Betaherpesvirinae
Primary infection site:
Latent in:

A

epithelial cells
leukocytes

41
Q

Fill-in the blanks:

Gammaherpesvirinae
Primary infection site:
Latent in:

A

lymphocytes
lymphocytes

42
Q

Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is a FAD which causes what disease?

A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

43
Q

(T/F) Ruminants are affected by Malignant Catarrhal Fever but cross-species infection can occur.

A

True

44
Q

Ovine Herpesvirus-2 which causes Malignant Catarrhal Fever is what kind of herpesvirus?

A

gamma herpesvirus

45
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever causes (minimal/severe) disease in adapted hosts but (minimal/severe) disease in accidental hosts.

A

minimal
severe

46
Q

Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is a major cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in _______, with high mortality.

A

cattle

47
Q

_______ form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever causes depression, weakness, diarrhea, and sudden death.

A

peracute

48
Q

List the 4 clinical signs / lesions of Malignant Catarrhal Fever.

A
  1. ophthalmitis (corneal opacity)
  2. crusted nares
  3. generalized lymphadenopathy
  4. mucosal ulcers
49
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

A

PCR

50
Q

What 3 genera are within the FAD group Paramyxoviridae?

A

Morbillivirus
Avulavirus
Henipavirus

51
Q

Genus Morbillivirus includes which two specific viruses?

A

Rinderpest
Peste de petits ruminants (PPR)

52
Q

Which species are affected by PPR (peste de petits ruminants)?

A

small ruminants (sheep, goats)

53
Q

(Sheep/goats) develop a more severe disease from Peste de petits ruminants while cattle and pigs are asymptomatic and do not transmit the disease.

A

goats

54
Q

What disease is caused by Peste de petits rumiants (PPR?)?

A

Acute Plague

55
Q

Acute Plague has high mortality and causes which 2 main clinical signs?

A

pneumonia
diarrhea

56
Q

________ causes the most lethal plague in cattle.

A

Rinderpest

57
Q

Which viral animal disease was the first one eradicated by OIE?

A

Rinderpest

58
Q

The main disease caused by Avian Paramyxovirus-1 within the Genus Avulavirus is:

A

Exotic Newcastle Disease

59
Q

Genus Henipavirus includes which two viruses?

A

Hendra
Nipah

60
Q

(T/F) Classical Swine Fever is not a reportable disease in the US.

A

False (it is)

61
Q

Swine are the hosts for Classical Swine Fever. What is the reservoir host?

A

feral pigs

62
Q

Classical Swine Fever is within _________ genus and _________ family.

A

pestivirus
flaviviridae

63
Q

The virus which causes Classical Swine Fever is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (positive/negative) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

enveloped, positive sense, RNA

64
Q

Classical Swine Fever can cross the placenta and infect the fetus, causing a ___________ infection.

A

persistant/immunotolerant

65
Q

When Classical Swine Fever infects a fetus, which two sequelae/signs are seen?

A

cerebellar hypoplasia
hypomyelinogenesis (shakers)

66
Q

List 3 clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever.

A
  1. multifocal petechia / purpura
  2. diffuse erythema
  3. conjunctivitis
67
Q

List the 3 forms of disease of Classical Swine Fever.

A
  1. acute form
  2. chronic form
  3. late-onset form
68
Q

Which disease form of Classical Swine Fever is considered epidemic with nearly 100% morbidity and mortality?

A

acute form

69
Q

_______ form of Classical Swine Fever has infected the herd but a lower pathogenic strain.

A

chronic

70
Q

The late-onset form of Classical Swine Fever is a persistent infection when transmitted via:

A

transuterine (in-utero)

71
Q

The Genus Asfivirus and Family Asfarviridae are the only known ______ ________.

A

DNA arboviruses

72
Q

What disease is in swine is caused by Asfivirus?

A

African Swine Fever

73
Q

Which species biologically transmits African Swine Fever?

A

Ornithodorus (soft tick)

74
Q

In terms of African Swine Fever pathogenesis: the virus infects the tonsil and lymph nodes after a tick bite which causes _________ ________. This kills immune cells and leads to subsequent lesions.

A

cyotkine storm

75
Q

What is the “classic” lesion seen in African Swine Fever?

A

splenomegaly WITHOUT infarcts

76
Q

The Genus Orbivirus and Family Reoviridae causes what disease in horses?

A

African Horse Sickness

77
Q

African Horse Sickness caused by an Orbivirus is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (ss/ds) (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

nonenveloped dsRNA

78
Q

(T/F) African Horse Sickness if considered an arbovirus.

A

True

79
Q

African Horse Sickness destroys endothelial cells in which two organs?

A

lungs, heart

80
Q

List 4 clinical signs/lesions of African Horse Sickness.

A
  1. massive pulmonary edema
  2. subcutaneous edema
  3. hydrothorax / hydropericardium
  4. myocardial hemorrhages
81
Q

List the 4 forms of African Horse Sickness that can occur.

A
  1. peracute pulmonary
  2. subacute cardiac
  3. horse sickness fever
  4. mixed form
82
Q

Which major form of African Horse Sickness causes a mild disease in donkeys and zebras?

A

Horse Sickness Fever

83
Q

Which virus is present in Africa and Egypt, affecting many hosts, and of the Family Bunyaviridae and Genus Phlebovirus?

A

Rift Valley Fever Virus

84
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus (Genus Phlebovirus) is a(n) (enveloped/nonenveloped) (negative/positive) sense (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

enveloped negatives sense RNA

85
Q

Which two species are amplifying hosts for Rift Valley Fever Virus?

A

ruminants, humans

86
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus causes severe disease in (young/old) animals.

A

young

87
Q

Rift Valley Fever Virus readily infects _______, causing a flu-like illness, fatal hemorrhagic fever, and encephalitis.

A

humans

88
Q

List the 2 ways Rift Valley Fever Virus is transmitted.

A

insects
aerosols

89
Q

What major clinical sign is seen in neonates infected with Rift Valley Fever Virus?

A

epidemic hepatitis (massive liver necrosis)

90
Q

High _______ rates occur with Rift Valley Fever Virus.

A

abortion

Virology (13 decks)

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