Vaccination Flashcards
This vaccine elicits a lasting immune response while causing little or no disease
Live-attenuated virus vaccines
This vaccine mimics a subclinical infection
Live-attenuated virus vaccines
TRUE or FALSE:
Avirulent Viruses in Heterologous Species is an example of Live-attenuated virus vaccine
TRUE
Give the 2 Nonreplicating Virus Vaccines
Inactivated (Killed) Whole Virions and Purified Native Viral Proteins
Types of Vaccines:
Usually made from virulent viruses that are killed through chemical or physical agents but still maintain immunogenicity
Inactivated (Killed) Whole Virions
Types of Vaccines:
Remarkably safe but requires large amounts of antigen to elicit antibody response
Inactivated (Killed) Whole Virions
Types of Vaccines:
Usually formulated with chemical adjuvants to enhance immune response
Inactivated (Killed) Whole Virions
Inactivated (Killed) Whole Virions are usually formulated with __________________ to enhance immune response
Chemical Adjuvants
formaldehyde, β-propiolactone, and ethylenimine are examples of?
Inactivating agents
Types of Vaccines:
Lipid solvents (e.g. sodium deoxycholate) are used in enveloped viruses to solubilize the
virion and release the components
Purified Native Viral Proteins
Types of Vaccines:
Deliberate insertion of several attenuating mutations into key viral genes or completely
deleting nonessential genes that contribute to virulence
Attenuation of Viruses by Gene Deletion or Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Types of Vaccines:
Utilizes eukaryotic expression vectors such as plant and yeast cells, insect cells and various
mammalian cells
Subunit vaccines produced by expression of viral proteins
Types of Vaccines:
The gene of a viral protein may be cloned into the expression plasmids and expressed in any of
several cell systems
Subunit vaccines produced by expression of viral proteins
Types of Vaccines:
Some nonenveloped icosahedral viruses have capsid proteins that self
assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), which can be used as vaccines
Viral Proteins that Self- Assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs)
Types of Vaccines:
Recombinant VLPs are devoid of viral nucleic acid and therefore completely safe
Viral Proteins that Self- Assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs)
Types of Vaccines:
Recombinant DNA techniques enable the insertion of foreign genes into viral genomes, allowing
gene expression in target cells
Viruses as vectors for Expression of Heterologous Viral Antigens
Types of Vaccines:
A type of vaccine that uses a bacterial plasmid to introduce DNA sequence (encoding an antigen)
into an individual’s cells
DNA vaccines
Types of Vaccines:
A recombinant eukaryotic expression vector that encodes a certain protein antigen and is directly
injected into animals
DNA vaccines
Measures only one limb of the adaptive immune response which is the humoral immunity
Serological Diagnosis
Measurement of antibody responses remains a valuable technique for defining the infection status of animals
Serological Diagnosis
What is the sample of choice for serological assays
Serum
Serologic assays of choice for the qualitative (positive or negative) or quantitative
determination of viral antibodies
Enzyme Immunoassay – Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
TRUE or FALSE:
Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is Rapid, and relatively cost-effective
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE:
Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) May require the production of infectious virus for antigen if recombinant antigens are used
FALSE
May NOT require the production of infectious virus for antigen if recombinant antigens are used
