Vaccination Flashcards
BVD
= bovine viral diarrhoea
Does BVD cause GI signs?
- no
CS of BVD
- abortion
- immunosuppression
- calf scour
- pneumonia
When do PI calves occur with a BVD infection?
- in the 1st 120d
When should dams be vaccinated for BVD?
- 3w before pregnancy
Biggest cause of infertility in cattle
- BVD
What virus causes IBR?
- bovine herpes virus 1
CS of IBR in adults
- infertility
- drop in milk reduction
- abortion
- nasal & ocular discharge
CS of IBR in young
- secondary infections e.g. pneumonia
CS of pneumonia
- pyrexia
- depression
- increased rr
- white plaques on nose
- nasal & ocular discharge
IBR control
- vaccinate youngstock
- buy from accredited sources
- routine quarantine before introducing new animals to the herd
- vaccination of all
System affected by IBR
- respiratory
Longevity of IBR infection
- infected for life
Bacteria causing leptospirosis
- Leptospira hardjo
CS of lepto
- sudden or mild drop in milk yield
- pyrexia in all 4 quadrants
- flaccid udder
- udder secretion thickened and clotted
- infertility
- abortion
CS of cavles born to dam infected with leptospirosis late in pregnancy
- born sickly and weak
How often is the leptospirosis booster?
- bi-annual or annually
How far apart are the 2 initial lepto vaccinations?
- 4-6w
How is leptospirosis controlled?
- vaccination
- control urine e.g. wash down parlour
- biosecurity
- buy from vaccinated sources
- quarantine on arrival
- removal of all Ab positive herd
- piped water drains
How is leptospirosis spread?
- urine
- foetues
- uterine discharge
- semen
- water sources
Is lepto zoonotic?
- yes
2nd biggest cause of infertility in farm?
- lepto
BRD
- bovine respiratory dz
Causes of BRD
- BVD
- IBR
- PI3
- RSV
- Mannheima
- Mycoplasma
Another name for Mannheima
- pasteurella
BRSV
- bovine respiratory syncytial virus
PI3
- parainfluenza 3
CS of BRD
- pyrexia
- watery discharge
- rapid, shallow breathing
- cough
- poor DLWG
- standing with neck extended
What is BRD also referred to as?
- pneumonia
Biggest cause of death in calves from weaning to 10m?
- BRD
BRD prevention/control
- vaccination
- reduce stress & pain
- clean bedding
- adequate ventilation
- avoid draughts
- don’t house calves next to adult pen
3 likely causes of calf scour
- rotavirus
- coronavirus
- E.coli
AB use for calf scour
- not appropriate as non-bacterial causes predominate
Prevention of calf scour
- vaccinate
- PPE change from calves to adults
- clean calving box regularly
- clean feeding equipment
- ensure colostrum intake
- isolate
How much colostrum should a calf receive?
- 10% BW in first 2h
What does C perfringens type A cause?
- gas gangrene and haemorrhagic enteritis
What does C perfringens type B cause?
- lamb dysentery
What does C perfringens type C cause?
- struck
What does C perfringens type D cause?
- pulpy kidney
What does C chavouei cause?
- black leg
What does C. novyi cause?
- black disease
What does C. septicum cause?
- braxy
What does C. tetani cause?
- tetanus
What does C. sordelli cause?
- gas gangrene & haemorrhagic enteritis
What does C. haemolytic cause?
- bacillary haemoglobinuria
When to vaccinate for clostridial dz
- pre-calving to protect the calf over the 1st few months of life
Where is clostridium most commonly found?
- soil
CS of RSV
- pyrexia
- cough
- nasal discharge
What is RSV an important cause of?
- BRD/pneumonia
What cells does RSV attack?
- mucosal cells and destroy the mucociliary apparatus
Is RSV contagious?
- yes
RSV spread
- cow to cow
- aerosols
Toxoplasmosis bacteria
- toxoplasma gondii
CS of toxoplasmosis
- infertility
- mummification
- still birth
- abortion
Top 2 biggest causes of abortion in sheep
- toxoplasmosis
- EAE
Biggest cause of infertility in sheep
- EAE
When is the toxoplasmosis vaccine given?
- 3m prior to tupping
EAE pathogen
- Chlamydia abortus
How does EAE change the placenta?
- thickened placenta between the cotyledons
- brown exudate
How does toxoplasmosis change the placenta?
- dark cotyledons
- grey necrosis
CS of EAE
- abortion
- oedema of the placenta
- mummification
- stillbirth
When to give EAE vaccine
- 4w before tupping, NO LATER
Duration of EAE vaccine
- 3y
2 main pathogens behind pasteurella
- Mannheim haemolytica
- Bibersteinia trehalosi
Most commonly diagnosed cause of death in UK lambs
- pasteurella
When is pasteurella infection most likely?
- most associated with stress e.g. castration, weaning
What bacteria is behind footrot?
- Dichelobacter nodosus
CS of footrot
- grey ooze
- under running of the horn
- lameness
Most common cause of lameness in sheep
- footrot
Footrot predecessor
- scald
Other term for scald in sheep
- interdigital dermatitis
