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Y4 Farm - Miscellaneous > Vaccination > Flashcards

Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

BVD

A

= bovine viral diarrhoea

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2
Q

Does BVD cause GI signs?

A
  • no
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3
Q

CS of BVD

A
  • abortion
  • immunosuppression
  • calf scour
  • pneumonia
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4
Q

When do PI calves occur with a BVD infection?

A
  • in the 1st 120d
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5
Q

When should dams be vaccinated for BVD?

A
  • 3w before pregnancy
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6
Q

Biggest cause of infertility in cattle

A
  • BVD
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7
Q

What virus causes IBR?

A
  • bovine herpes virus 1
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8
Q

CS of IBR in adults

A
  • infertility
  • drop in milk reduction
  • abortion
  • nasal & ocular discharge
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9
Q

CS of IBR in young

A
  • secondary infections e.g. pneumonia
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10
Q

CS of pneumonia

A
  • pyrexia
  • depression
  • increased rr
  • white plaques on nose
  • nasal & ocular discharge
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11
Q

IBR control

A
  • vaccinate youngstock
  • buy from accredited sources
  • routine quarantine before introducing new animals to the herd
  • vaccination of all
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12
Q

System affected by IBR

A
  • respiratory
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13
Q

Longevity of IBR infection

A
  • infected for life
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14
Q

Bacteria causing leptospirosis

A
  • Leptospira hardjo
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15
Q

CS of lepto

A
  • sudden or mild drop in milk yield
  • pyrexia in all 4 quadrants
  • flaccid udder
  • udder secretion thickened and clotted
  • infertility
  • abortion
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16
Q

CS of cavles born to dam infected with leptospirosis late in pregnancy

A
  • born sickly and weak
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17
Q

How often is the leptospirosis booster?

A
  • bi-annual or annually
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18
Q

How far apart are the 2 initial lepto vaccinations?

A
  • 4-6w
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19
Q

How is leptospirosis controlled?

A
  • vaccination
  • control urine e.g. wash down parlour
  • biosecurity
  • buy from vaccinated sources
  • quarantine on arrival
  • removal of all Ab positive herd
  • piped water drains
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20
Q

How is leptospirosis spread?

A
  • urine
  • foetues
  • uterine discharge
  • semen
  • water sources
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21
Q

Is lepto zoonotic?

A
  • yes
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22
Q

2nd biggest cause of infertility in farm?

A
  • lepto
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23
Q

BRD

A
  • bovine respiratory dz
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24
Q

Causes of BRD

A
  • BVD
  • IBR
  • PI3
  • RSV
  • Mannheima
  • Mycoplasma
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25
Q

Another name for Mannheima

A
  • pasteurella
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26
Q

BRSV

A
  • bovine respiratory syncytial virus
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27
Q

PI3

A
  • parainfluenza 3
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28
Q

CS of BRD

A
  • pyrexia
  • watery discharge
  • rapid, shallow breathing
  • cough
  • poor DLWG
  • standing with neck extended
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29
Q

What is BRD also referred to as?

A
  • pneumonia
30
Q

Biggest cause of death in calves from weaning to 10m?

A
  • BRD
31
Q

BRD prevention/control

A
  • vaccination
  • reduce stress & pain
  • clean bedding
  • adequate ventilation
  • avoid draughts
  • don’t house calves next to adult pen
32
Q

3 likely causes of calf scour

A
  • rotavirus
  • coronavirus
  • E.coli
33
Q

AB use for calf scour

A
  • not appropriate as non-bacterial causes predominate
34
Q

Prevention of calf scour

A
  • vaccinate
  • PPE change from calves to adults
  • clean calving box regularly
  • clean feeding equipment
  • ensure colostrum intake
  • isolate
35
Q

How much colostrum should a calf receive?

A
  • 10% BW in first 2h
36
Q

What does C perfringens type A cause?

A
  • gas gangrene and haemorrhagic enteritis
37
Q

What does C perfringens type B cause?

A
  • lamb dysentery
38
Q

What does C perfringens type C cause?

A
  • struck
39
Q

What does C perfringens type D cause?

A
  • pulpy kidney
40
Q

What does C chavouei cause?

A
  • black leg
41
Q

What does C. novyi cause?

A
  • black disease
42
Q

What does C. septicum cause?

A
  • braxy
43
Q

What does C. tetani cause?

A
  • tetanus
44
Q

What does C. sordelli cause?

A
  • gas gangrene & haemorrhagic enteritis
45
Q

What does C. haemolytic cause?

A
  • bacillary haemoglobinuria
46
Q

When to vaccinate for clostridial dz

A
  • pre-calving to protect the calf over the 1st few months of life
47
Q

Where is clostridium most commonly found?

A
  • soil
48
Q

CS of RSV

A
  • pyrexia
  • cough
  • nasal discharge
49
Q

What is RSV an important cause of?

A
  • BRD/pneumonia
50
Q

What cells does RSV attack?

A
  • mucosal cells and destroy the mucociliary apparatus
51
Q

Is RSV contagious?

A
  • yes
52
Q

RSV spread

A
  • cow to cow
  • aerosols
53
Q

Toxoplasmosis bacteria

A
  • toxoplasma gondii
54
Q

CS of toxoplasmosis

A
  • infertility
  • mummification
  • still birth
  • abortion
55
Q

Top 2 biggest causes of abortion in sheep

A
  • toxoplasmosis
  • EAE
56
Q

Biggest cause of infertility in sheep

A
  • EAE
57
Q

When is the toxoplasmosis vaccine given?

A
  • 3m prior to tupping
58
Q

EAE pathogen

A
  • Chlamydia abortus
59
Q

How does EAE change the placenta?

A
  • thickened placenta between the cotyledons
  • brown exudate
60
Q

How does toxoplasmosis change the placenta?

A
  • dark cotyledons
  • grey necrosis
61
Q

CS of EAE

A
  • abortion
  • oedema of the placenta
  • mummification
  • stillbirth
62
Q

When to give EAE vaccine

A
  • 4w before tupping, NO LATER
63
Q

Duration of EAE vaccine

A
  • 3y
64
Q

2 main pathogens behind pasteurella

A
  • Mannheim haemolytica
  • Bibersteinia trehalosi
65
Q

Most commonly diagnosed cause of death in UK lambs

A
  • pasteurella
66
Q

When is pasteurella infection most likely?

A
  • most associated with stress e.g. castration, weaning
67
Q

What bacteria is behind footrot?

A
  • Dichelobacter nodosus
68
Q

CS of footrot

A
  • grey ooze
  • under running of the horn
  • lameness
69
Q

Most common cause of lameness in sheep

A
  • footrot
70
Q

Footrot predecessor

A
  • scald
71
Q

Other term for scald in sheep

A
  • interdigital dermatitis

Y4 Farm - Miscellaneous (14 decks)

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