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Y4 Farm - Miscellaneous > Backyard poultry > Flashcards

Backyard poultry Flashcards

The basics

1
Q

Normal hr

A
  • 220-360bpm
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2
Q

Normal resp rate

A
  • 12-37brpm
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3
Q

Normal temp

A
  • 40-42C
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4
Q

Points of interest for CE

A
  • nasal/ocular discharge
  • eyes should be bright and clear
  • no ulcers or mucosal lesions in the mouth/tongue
  • crop filling and consistency
  • lumps/bumps
  • covering on breast bone
  • abdomen: free fluid, pain, masses
  • wings: able to extend and move
  • legs: trauma/mites
  • feet: swelling/ulcers
  • feather and plumage: loss/parasites
  • vent: scour
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5
Q

Generic CS of dz

A
  • depression or other behaviour changes
  • changes in food and water consumption
  • dull feathers
  • soiling of the feathers around nares, vent, shoulders, or eyes
  • swelling around or discharge around the eyes
  • discharge from the eyes or nares
  • abnormal faeces
  • favouring or lameness in limbs
  • decrease in activity
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6
Q

Notifiable diseases

A
  • avian influenza
  • Newcastle disease
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7
Q

What subtypes of avian influenza are important in birds?

A
  • H5
  • H7
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8
Q

Is avian influenza high or low pathogenicity?

A
  • can be either
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9
Q

Avian influenza CS

A
  • swollen head
  • blue discolouration of neck and throat
  • loss of appetite
  • resp distress
  • d+
  • reduced egg production
  • increased mortality
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10
Q

What virus is Newcastle dz?

A
  • paramyxovirus
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11
Q

Severity of Newcastle dz

A
  • acute
  • high mortality
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12
Q

Newcastle dz CS

A
  • sneezing
  • nasal discharge
  • coughing
  • greenish, watery d+
  • depression
  • muscular tremors
  • drooping wings
  • complete paralysis
  • swelling of the tissues around the eyes and in the neck
  • sudden death
  • increased death loss in a flock
  • in laying birds there can be partial to complete drop in egg production, and production of thin-shelled eggs
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13
Q

Newcastle dz transmission

A
  • birds droppings
  • nasal, mouth and eye secretions
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14
Q

What environments can Newcastle dz virus survive in?

A
  • warm and humid environments
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15
Q

APHA registration

A
  • any bird (ANY no. of birds, even 1) must be registered
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16
Q

Why blood sample?

A
  • PCV
  • TP
  • WBCc
  • biochem
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17
Q

Where to blood sample?

A
  • brachial wing vein
    (- medial metatarsal vein
  • jugular vein)
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18
Q

How much blood can be taken?

A
  • 1-2% of body weight
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19
Q

Risk with blood sampling

A
  • haematomas form easily
    – need to apply pressure
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20
Q

Forms/routes of fluid therapy

A
  • SC
  • oral
  • IV catheter
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21
Q

When to use SC fluid therapy

A
  • mild dehydration
  • for maintenance fluids
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22
Q

Volume for SC fluid therapy

A
  • 3-5ml/100g
  • 5-10ml/site
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23
Q

SC fluid therapy sites

A
  • axilla/lateral flank areas
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24
Q

When to use oral fluid therapy

A
  • mild dehydration
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25
Q

Volume for oral fluid therapy

A
  • 3-5ml/100g
  • 5-10ml/site
26
Q

When to not use oral fluids

A
  • GI stasis
  • lateral recumbency
  • seizuring
  • head trauma
  • shock
27
Q

Oral rehydration solution to use for oral fluid therapy

A
  • 5% dextrose solution
28
Q

Sites for IVFT

A
  • right jugular vein
  • medial metatarsal vein
29
Q

Catheter type for IVFT

A
  • butterfly catheter
30
Q

How to do IVFT

A
  • blue 10ml/kg over 5-10mins and repeat q3h for 12h, then every 8h, then BID
31
Q

Benefit of IVFT

A
  • rapidly expands circulatory volume
  • perfuses kidneys
  • good for shock pts
  • severe dehydration
32
Q

Common causes of wounds

A
  • cannibalism/bullying
  • trauma
33
Q

Cannibalism/bulling prevention & tx

A
  • always ensure sufficient space and feed
  • provide environmental enrichment
  • separate injured birds if possible
  • spray with topical antiseptic spray after cleaning, ensure area is not red, coloured spray is best
  • NSAIDs
  • +/- ABs
34
Q

Trauma tx

A
  • prevent bacterial sepsis with ABs
  • NSAIDs
  • Supportive therapy
    – warmth/heat lamp
    – hydration with electrolytes
    – tube feeding
35
Q

Reproductive conditions

A
  • egg binding/oviduct impaction
  • egg peritonitis
36
Q

Which birds are most affected by egg binding?

A
  • pullets
  • obese/early production
37
Q

What is egg binding?

A
  • obstruction of the oviduct
38
Q

Egg binding diagnosis

A
  • abdominal palpation
  • US
  • radiograph
39
Q

Egg binding tx

A
  • external reduction of the egg and natural passing
    – wrap in a warm towel and massage or place in a warm bath
    – use lots of lube
  • surgical remove of the oviduct
    – salpingohysterectomy
  • calcium given IM and orally
40
Q

Is egg peritonitis common?

A
  • yes, very
41
Q

What bacteria causes egg peritonitis?

A
  • e.coli
42
Q

What is salpingitis?

A
  • inflammation of the fallopian tubes, caused by bacterial infection
43
Q

What is egg peritonitis?

A
  • ascending infection from the cloaca
44
Q

Stress factors for egg peritonitis

A
  • social & environmental
45
Q

Infectious factors for egg peritonitis

A
  • parasites
  • mycoplasma
  • infectious bronchitis
46
Q

Which birds are more susceptible to egg peritonitis?

A
  • older birds / large egg laying birds
47
Q

Causes of d+

A
  • Upset in gut flora
  • Anorexia
  • Parasites
  • Bacterial scour secondary to infectious disease
  • Poor hygiene
48
Q

Foot pad infection/bumble foot/pododermatitis: definition/cause

A
  • bacterial infection causing swelling
49
Q

Foot pad infection/bumble foot/pododermatitis: tx

A
  • soak foot in dilute hibi
  • surgery to remove callus
50
Q

Fracture tx

A
  • external fixation +/- intramedullary positive profile pins
51
Q

How can Mareks dz cause lameness? How can this present?

A
  • tumours on the sciatic nerve -> paralysis
  • one leg positioned forwards, one positioned backwards
52
Q

Bacteria causing septic joints

A
  • staph aureus
  • e.coli
  • pasteurella
  • salmonella
  • mycoplasma
53
Q

Septic joint CS

A
  • 1 or multiple joints enlarged and warm
54
Q

Why x-ray a septic joint?

A
  • to assess osteomyelitis
55
Q

How much water do poultry require?

A
  • 1.5-3.5 parts water for every 1 part of feed consumed
  • up to 5-6 times for waterfowl
56
Q

Water consumption limitation factors

A
  • salts
  • dietary fibre content
  • ambient temperature
  • medications
  • disease state
57
Q

Nutritional issues

A
  • insufficient water quality or amount
  • vitamin d3
  • urolithiasis/gout
58
Q

Signs of vitamin d3 deficiency

A

Skeletal abnormalities including
- beading of the ribs, scoliosis, soft and pliable bones, keel,
and beak, and rickets
- lack of hydroxyapatite crystallization at the growth plate in long bones such as the tibia, femur, or humerus

59
Q

Urolithiasis cause/definition

A
  • blockage of ureter with urates
60
Q

Gout cause/definition

A
  • renal damage and high blood uric acid levels
  • urate deposit in kidneys/joints/serosa surfaces
61
Q

Causes of weight gain

A
  • nutritional
  • abdominal fluid
62
Q
A

Y4 Farm - Miscellaneous (20 decks)

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