Emergency notes Flashcards
1
Q
Main emergencies on farm
A
- grass staggers
- difficult calving
- prolapse
- toxic mastitis
- bloated calf
2
Q
Grass staggers tx
A
- red bottle calcium topped up with magnesium
3
Q
Use of antibiotics for toxic mastitis
A
- not needed
4
Q
Use of hypertonic saline in ruminants
A
- more efficient
- would need lots of Hartmanns to have the same effect
5
Q
Ddx for aggressive cows
A
- BSE
- grass staggers
- nervous ketosis
6
Q
How to confirm the death of grass staggers was not sudden
A
- paddling e.g. churned up soil
- sudden death shows no sign of paddling
7
Q
Another term for prolapse
A
- pushing the calving the bed out
8
Q
Should you remove the membranes off a prolapse before replacing it?
A
- if they come easily
9
Q
How to reduce oedema & inflammation of a prolapsed uterus. Why can this be a problem?
A
- sugar
– ideal environment for bacteria
10
Q
Suture used in prolapsed cases
A
- Buhner
11
Q
When to suture prolapses in
A
- pre-calving or lambing in vaginal prolapse
12
Q
Risk of giving calcium IV to all down cows
A
- dampens down PTH response so cow seems much better but then crashes once the administered calcium runs out
13
Q
Bacteria most commonly associated with toxic mastitis
A
- E.coli
- klebsiella
14
Q
Main tx for toxic mastitis
A
- hypertonic saline
15
Q
What should you always follow up hypertonic saline with?
A
- oral rehydration / isotonic solution
16
Q
Common times for toxic mastitis to occur
A
- in & around milking
- between milking
- during dry period
- around calving time
- following intramammary tube administration
17
Q
What part of the bacteria are endotoxins released from?
A
- the cell wall
18
Q
Tx for toxic mastitis
A
- hypertonic saline
- NSAIDs
- oxytocin & regular stripping
- glucocorticoids to further reduce inflammation
