V and R of diagnosis

Question 1

What would it mean if a diagnosis was valid?

Answer 1

A patient was given the correct diagnosis of an illness for the one they have

Question 2

What would it mean if a diagnosis was reliable?

Answer 2

You would get the same diagnosis is rediagnosed

Question 3

What is construct validity?

Answer 3

The diagnostic manual is operationalised correctly and has the correct symptoms for each illnes

Question 4

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 4

Two different diagnostic methods e.g. the two manuals agree

Question 5

What is meant by predictive validity?

Answer 5

We can predict the progression of the illness or the effectiveness of the treatment

Question 6

What is inter-rater reliablity?

Answer 6

Two different doctors agree on the diagnosis

Question 7

What in intra-rater reliability?

Answer 7

If you are rediagnosed again later by the same doctor you get the same diagnosis

Question 8

What is meant by Aeitiological validity?

Answer 8

The patient has the correct causal factor for the illness we have diagnosed them with

Question 9

What about the diagnostic systems makes diagnosis more reliable?

Answer 9

They have standardised symptoms that everyone uses

Question 10

What is the issue with shared symptoms between illnesses

Answer 10

It might make diagnosis less valid if multiple illnesses have the same symptoms as people might be misdiagnosed.

Question 11

Why does the existence of different manuals impact validity of diagnosis?

Answer 11

They might have different criteria which raises questions for the concurrent validity

Question 12

What about the diagnostic systems makes diagnosis less reliable?

Answer 12

Bias in diagnosis (cultural, gender etc) by the doctor

Question 13

What did Rosenhan find about validity of diagnosis?

Answer 13

Diagnosis might not be valid because patients can lie and be given the wrong diagnosis

Question 14

What did Rosenhan find about reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 14

Diagnosis is reliable because all but one were given the same diagnosis of Schizophrenia when presenting the same symptoms

Question 15

What did Ford and Widiger find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 15

males and females diagnosed differently with same symptoms (doctor bias)

Question 16

What did Ward et al find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 16

False diagnosis was caused 32.5% inconsistency with the interpretation of symptoms and 62.5% was due to the inadequacy of the classification system

Question 17

What did Lee find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 17

Found good concurrent validity between ADHD diagnosis in Korea using DSM criteria

Question 18

What did Jakobsen et al find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 18

An ICD-10 diagnosis showed 93% sensitivity and 87% predictive value when diagnosing schizophrenia

Question 19

What did Goldstein find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 19

found that 169 of the 199 patients were rediagnosed with Schizophrenia when DSM was updated

Question 20

What did Stinchfield find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 20

91% accuracy on diagnosing gambling disorder when using DSM 5

Question 21

What did Cheniaux find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 21

They found that schizophrenia was more common when using ICD-10 rather than DSM-IV

Question 22

What did Brown 2001 find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 22

Brown found good-to-excellent reliability for most of the DSM-IV categories. However, they found some boundary problems with certain disorders

Question 23

What did Nicholls find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 23

ICD 10 was used it was found to be only a 36% agreement for eating disorders

Question 24

What did Powers find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 24

women who had suffered complex post traumatic disorder also had higher levels of alcohol and substance misuse as predicted by ICD 11, showing that ICD 11 does have good predictive validity

Question 25

What is a patient factor effecting diagnosis?

Answer 25

They may give faulty information due to stigma

Question 26

What did Kim-Cohen find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 26

found that the DSM has predictive validity for conduct disorders in children (1) as a larger majority of children who had at least three conduct disorder symptoms at five years old according to DSM had at least one educational difficulty two years later

Question 27

What did Morey find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 27

found that DSM 5 was more reliable than DSM IV in diagnosing borderline personality disorder so diagnosis of mental health disorders should be reliable if DSM V was used

Question 28

What did Reiger find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 28

DSM 5 had a concordance rate of 0.46 for schizophrenia so might not be reliable

Question 29

What did Cooper find about validity of diagnosis?

Answer 29

where the same patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia twice in New York two times more than in London

Question 30

What did Andrews find about validity and reliablity of diagnosis?

Answer 30

found that DSM IV and ICD had agreement rates for disorders such as depression, therefore it can be said that both systems have concurrent validity.