Deprivation

Question 1

What is deprivation?

Answer 1

Having had an attachment form and then losing it

Question 2

What can cause deprivation?

Answer 2

Death, hospitalisation, divorce, daycare/work

Question 3

Signs of short term deprivation include:

Answer 3

Protest, Despair, Detachment

Question 4

What is Protest?

Answer 4

The child gets upset, cries etc

Question 5

Despair is?

Answer 5

When the child shows low emotions, sadness and mopiness

Question 6

Detachment is?

Answer 6

The bond between parent and child is and takes time to recover

Question 7

What can long term deprivation lead to?

Answer 7

A poor/damaged internal working model

Question 8

What is a problem with a damaged internal working model?

Answer 8

It can lead to Affectionless Psychopathy, Delinquency & relationship issues

Question 9

What is affectionless psychopathy?

Answer 9

A lack of remorse, guilt for actions and caring for others

Question 10

What can help to reduce deprivation effects?

Answer 10

Substitute care like Robertson, Key workers in daycare as an alternative attachment, Being part time at nursery, Seeing both parents, visiting hours at hospital, Maintain routines

Question 11

What did Robertson discover?

Answer 11

They discovered children in hospital went through PDD

Question 12

What did Bowlby 44 thieves do/find?

Answer 12

Interviewed 44 criminal teens and 44 controls about childhood and clinical interviews. They found 17 of the criminals had separations vs 2 in control. 14 were Affectionless vs 0 in control.

Question 13

What did Olsvasky do/find?

Answer 13

fMRI scanned 33 instutionalised children and a control. The parents assessed their child for indiscriminate friendliness. He found that the institutionalised children did show less difference in amygdala functioning between mothers and strangers compared to the control group.

Question 14

What did Spitz do/find?

Answer 14

Institutionalised children were more likely to show depression, especially after 3 months and it took months for bond to record

Question 15

What did Goldfarb do/find?

Answer 15

studied 15 children who had stayed in an institution up to the age of 3 before being fostered. He compared them to a group of children who had been fostered from 6 months of age. He found that those who were fostered later showed more problems in adolescence compared to those who were fostered early

Question 16

What did Rutter do/find?

Answer 16

Studied boys and found . He found that the majority did not become delinquent, but for those who did the separation usually involved other stressful factors such as a parent in prison, mental health issues, and family breakdown. This was what caused the issues

Question 17

What did Skeels and Dye do/find?

Answer 17

Compared children from a care home to those from an institution Children looked after in the care home had an improved IQ over an 18 month period, where as children from institute had a reduced IQ

Question 18

What did Follan and Minnis do/find?

Answer 18

Relooked at the 44 thieves and decided that affectionless psychopathy would nowadays be classed as reactive attachment disorder and it is the mistreatment rather than separation which causes it.

Question 19

What is an issue with many studies like Robertson and Robertson, Goldfarb etc

Answer 19

They are case studies with small samples so are not representative of a wider population

Question 20

What are applications of research into deprivation?

Answer 20

They can inform care e.g. using key workers and named nurses to reduce deprivation

Question 21

What is an issue with studies like Goldfarb which Rutter highlights?

Answer 21

It might be the mistreatment/institutionalisation which causes the issues not the separation itself

Question 22

What is a strength of Olsvasky?

Answer 22

It is empirical as measures brain activity

Question 23

What is a weakness of Bowlby 44 thieves using interviews?

Answer 23

Bowlby used retrospective interviews and so bias/social desirability is an issue even though they gather large amounts of data

Question 24

What is an issue with much of the research looking at institutions etc?

Answer 24

They lack temporal validity as institution and hospital policies have changed

Question 25

What is a strength of using a control group like many deprivation studies do?

Answer 25

They allow for a comparision with the deprived group which allows for a more valid comparison to see the effects of deprivation