Bandura 65 Flashcards
What were the aims of this Bandura study?
To see if reinforcing consequences To the model would result in significant differences in the performance of imitative behaviour
- To see if rewarded models would display the highest performance differences in matching responses
Who were used in the sample?
66 boys and girls with a mean age of 51 months from Stanford University nursery school.
What were the 3 different conditions in Bandura 1965?
1) Model rewarded
2) Model punished
3) No consequences to the model
What were the 2 DVs in Bandura 1965?
1) Number of different verbal imitative responses reproduced
2) Number of different physical imitative responses reproduced
Briefly describe the first stage of Bandura 1965
Children watched a 5 min film of a model acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll
- Four responses were each accompanied with verbalisation
- For example the model would hit the Bobo doll with a mallet and say ““sockeroo… stay down”” as the verbalisation that followed it
- The sequence of physically and verbally aggressive behaviour was repeated twice
How did the video in Bandura 1965 end for the three conditions?
Children in the reward condition were exposed to a closing scene of the model receiving a chocolate bar as positive reinforcement e.g. strong champion
- Children in the punishment condition were exposed to a closing scene of the model being told they were a ““big bully”” and that if they didn’t stop they would receive a ““spanking””
- Children in the no consequences condition were shown no reinforcement at the end
Briefly describe the second stage of Bandura 1965
After the exposure procedure children were taken to a room that contained the Bobo doll and other toys such as guns and a dolls house
- The child was told they could play with any of the toys
- They spent 10 mins, being recorded every 5 seconds in terms of predetermined imitative response categories
- The number of different physical and verbal imitative responses performed spontaneously constituted the performance measure
Briefly describe in stage 3 of Bandura 1965
At the end of the 10 mins the experiment walked back in with a fruit juice and a book of stickers
- They informed the children that for each physical and verbal imitative response they reproduced they would receive a sticker and more juice
- The experimenter put a picture on the wall and said they would be interested to see how many stickers the child could get on the picture
- The experimenter then asked the child, ““show me what Rocky did in the TV program, tell me what he said”“The children were rewarded with a sticker and juice after following each matched response
What were the results of Bandura’s study?
The Model Reward condition produced about the same imitation from girls (mean 2.8) and boys (3.5) as the No Consequences.
-The Model Punished condition produced much less imitation, especially the girls (mean 0.5).
-After Positive Incentive, the imitation increased significantly for girls and boys and is very similar across all conditions of the model, with the girls’ scores much closer to the boys’ (all >3).
Describe the conclusions of this experiment.
“After viewing the film Children imitated the aggressive behaviour
- Those in the model rewarded or no consequences condition were more willing To imitate due To not having seen anything bad happen as a result”
What are the conclusions of Bandura 1965?
“Bandura concludes that children will be less likely to imitate role models they see being punished. However, the No Consequences condition shows that behaviour doesn’t have to be punished or rewarded for it to be imitated.
When offered incentives, even children who watched the model being punished show that they had in fact learned the aggressive behaviour.”
give an evaluation of the generalisablity of the Bandura 1965 study
Used a sample of 66 boys and girls. This does not represent how adults would observe and reproduce behaviour of their role models due to being significantly different in context to the role models of children AND opportunity sample from the same nursery so might have shared characteristics effecting their aggression
Evaluate the reliability in Bandura 1965
High as standardised procedure such as the length of the video they watched and the behaviours the model showed making the study accurately replicable to test for consistency of results
Evaluate the validity using the Bobo doll in this experiment
“Low as children may have hit Bobo as that is the purpose of the toy. Therefore no cause and effect could be established because they thought that was how you play with it rather than actually being aggressive
“
Evaluate the ecological validity of Bandura’s 1965 study
Low ecological validity. Carried out in an artificial environment where the model and the child were strangers. Doesn’t represent how children would observe and imitate behaviour in real life
