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Uworld Outline - Renal > Uworld - Renal VII > Flashcards

Uworld - Renal VII Flashcards

1
Q

muddy brown casts

A

acute tubular necrosis

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2
Q

clear cell

A

renal cell carcinoma

MC kidney tumor

risk fx - smoking and obesity

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3
Q

origin of renal cell carcinoma

A

epithelial cells of prox renal tubules

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4
Q

MC nephrotic in adults

A

membranous glomerulopathy
-thick glomerular BM - spike and dome appearance

granular deposits IgG and C3

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5
Q

net filtration pressure

A

(Pc - Pi) - (Oc - Oi)

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6
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

MC cause of nodular glomerulosclerosis

kimmelstein wilson nodules - PAS positive

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7
Q

uric acid crystals

A

with gouty arthritis

negative birefringement

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8
Q

hep C

A

with MPGN

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9
Q

HIV and drug users

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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10
Q

solid tumors

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

MC kidney stone

A

calcium oxalate and P

50% idiopathic hypercalciuria - with normocalcemia

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12
Q

prader willi/angelman genetics

A

genomic imprinting

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13
Q

trinucleotide repeat diseases

A

fragile X
huntington disease
myotonic dystrophy

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14
Q

X-linked recessive

A

ducennes

hemophilia A

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15
Q

establish corticomedullary concentration gradient

A

reabsorption in thick portion ascending loop - Na/K/2Cl

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16
Q

overactive bladder tx

A

antimuscarinic - M3 receptors

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17
Q

M3 receptors

A

bladder detrusor muscle - stimulation urine release

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18
Q

M1 receptors

A

brain

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19
Q

M2 receptors

A

heart

decreased HR and atrial contraction

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20
Q

M3 receptors

A

lung, bladder, eye, GI, skin

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21
Q

M3 receptors in eyes

A

miosis and accomodation

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22
Q

lead intoxication

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis - renal failure

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23
Q

multiple myeloma

A

easy fatigue - anemia
constipation - hyperCa
bone pain
renal failure

myeloma kidney - cast nephropathy -bence jones proteins

precipitate with tam horsfall proteins - eosinophilic casts

24
Q

amphotericin B

A

most toxic antifungal
causes hypoK and hypoMg
-severe hypoK - get T wave flattening, ST depression, and U waves
-premature A and V contractions - Vtach and Vfib

25
Q

drugs with pulmonary fibrosis

A

busulfan and bleomycin

26
Q

drugs with liver necrosis

A

acetaminophen and halothane

27
Q

phases of acute tubular necrosis

A

initiation - original insult
maintenance - injury established - GFR low 1-2 weeks
recovery - re-epithelialization of tubules - polyuria and normalizing GFR

28
Q

drug induced interstitial nephritis

A

fever, rash, oliguria
-after take beta-lactam - one cause

plasma cells and eosinophilia
IgE hypersensitivity

29
Q

painless hematuria

A

bladder tumor

30
Q

renal potassium handling

A

100% filtered at glomerulus
65% reabsorbed prox tube
25% reabsorbed ascending loop

5-100% secreted collecting duct - regulator - principal cells
hypoK - more K reabsorbed alpha intercalated cells
hyperK - principal cells secrete K

31
Q

concentrations with no ADH

A

most concentrated bottom of loop

most dilute - collecting duct

32
Q

hexagonal crystine crystal stones

A

cysturia

33
Q

cyanide-nitroprusside test

A

test for cysteine in urine

34
Q

tx of cystinuria

A

hydration and urinary alkalinization (acetazolamide)

35
Q

microalbuminuria

A

cannot be detected on urine dipstick

36
Q

conns syndrome

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

aldosterone secreting tumor - adenoma

tx - aldosterone antagonist - spironolactone

HTN, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis, decreased plasma renin activity

37
Q

tx of conns

A

spironolactone - aldosterone antagonist

38
Q

type 1 RPGN

A

goodpastures

39
Q

type 2 RPGN

A

immune complex mediated

PSGN, SLE, IgA nephropathy, HSP

40
Q

type 3 RPGN

A

pauci-immune - no Ig or complement deposits on BM

ANCA - wegeners

41
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

reforms H2CO3 intracellularly

42
Q

acid buffers

A

2 in urine
-HPO4 and NH3

trap H+ and allow secretion

43
Q

secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

increased renin - renin tumor - rare B9 tumor - JG cells

44
Q

lytes with pheochromocytoma

A

hypoK - beta2 stimulation

45
Q

mets of renal cell carcinoma

A

lungs

46
Q

polyuria with acute tubular necrosis

A

during recovery phase

can get hypoK

47
Q

maintenance stage of acute tubular necrosis

A

can get anion gap metabolic acidosis
hyperP
volume overload

48
Q

MC cause pyelonephritis

A

gram negative rods

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome and coag

A

hypercoag state

-loss of anticoag factors - antithrombin III

50
Q

left side varicocele

A

left testicular vein to renal vein
-right to IVC directly

loss of antithrombin III - thrombotic occlusion of renal vein - with nephrotic syndrome

51
Q

risk with radical hysterectomy surgery

A

damage ureter

can get secondary hydronephrosis if ligate ureter

52
Q

MC cause hydronephrosis

A

BPH - flow obstruction

53
Q

muddy brown casts

A

acute tubular necrosis

MC cause intrinsic renal failure in hosp patients

54
Q

chronic renal transplant rejection

A

3 months or more
worsening HTN and rising serum Cr

obliterative fibrous intimal thickening and mononuclear infiltrate of surrounding tissue

55
Q

uric acid stones

A

not seen on Xray

need abdominal U/S or CT

56
Q

struvite stones

A

Mg ammonia sulfate

Uworld Outline - Renal (8 decks)

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