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Uworld Outline - Renal > Uworld - Renal VI > Flashcards

Uworld - Renal VI Flashcards

1
Q

IL2

A

helper T cells

stimulate growth CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cells

activates NK cells and monocytes

anti-cancer effect - melanoma and renal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

IFN gamma

A

increased expression of MHC class I and II

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3
Q

alemtuzumab

A

anti-CD52 mAb - tx of CLL

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4
Q

bevacizumab

A

interfere VEGF activation

inhibit angiogenesis

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5
Q

FF in dehydration

A

increased
-RPF - drop more than GFR due to RAAS activation

efferent arteriole constriction (ANG II) maintains GFR

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6
Q

Vasopressin receprots

A

V1 - vasoconstriction and PG release

V2 - antidiuresis

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7
Q

thiazide lytes

A

hypoK
hyperuricemia
hyperCa
hypoNa

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8
Q

site of CAIs

A

prox tubule

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9
Q

site of osmotic diuretics

A

prox tube and descending limb loop

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10
Q

loop diuretic site

A

thick ascending limb

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11
Q

K sparing site

A

collecting duct

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12
Q

aldosterone antagonist site

A

collecting duct

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13
Q

minimal change disease

A

facial edema
massive proteinuria
age 2-8 - with resp infection, immunization, or atopic rxn

response to corticosteroids good - tx

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14
Q

electron microscope of minimal change disease

A

effacement of foot processes

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15
Q

early detection of diabetic nephropathy

A

albumin inurine

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16
Q

MC cause dialysis requiring end stage renal disease

A

diabetic nephropathy

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17
Q

anti-CD3

A

inhibit T cells - tx of acute rejection

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18
Q

anti-CD20

A

inhibit B cells

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19
Q

anti-VEGF

A

bevacizumab

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20
Q

BM splitting

A

MPGN and alport syndrome

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21
Q

PID organisms

A

neisseria gonorrhea

chlamydia trachomatis

22
Q

water under bridge

A

ureter over common/external iliac vessels
ureter under gonadal vessels
ureters medial to ovarian vessels

In females, the ureters pass through the mesometrium and under the uterine arteries on the way to the urinary bladder. An effective phrase for remembering this anatomical relationship is “water (ureters) under the bridge (uterine arteries or vas deferens).

23
Q

linear deposits and anti-GBM Abs

A

goodpastures

24
Q

goodpastures RPGN type

A

1 - crescent formation and fibrin deposition

25
Q

Abs in goodpastures

A

alpha3 chain of collagen IV
-anti-GBM Abs

linear - IgG and C3

26
Q

alport syndrome

A

MPGN

-split BM - granular deposits

27
Q

malignant HTN

A

onion skinning

-hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

28
Q

DOC for mucormycosis

A

amphotericin B

29
Q

amphotericin B

A

MOA - binds ergosterol to form holes

adverse - renal toxicity - hypoK and hypoMg

  • renal vasoconstriction and reduced GFR
  • acute tubular necrosis
30
Q

non-malignant HTN in kidneys

A

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

-widespread narrow renal arterioles

31
Q

WBC casts

A

pathognomonic for pyelonephritis

32
Q

false positive RPR/VDRL test

A

in SLE

normally - a syphilis test

33
Q

sterile pyuria

A

non-gonococcal urethritis

chlamydia
ureaplasma

34
Q

ACE I adverse

A

efferent arteriole dilation

-decreased glomerular pressure - acute renal failure

35
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

metabolic acidosis

-compenstaion - resp alkalosis

36
Q

tumor lysis syndrome

A

tumor tx with chemo
-release of uric acid - precipitates at low pH

tx - urine alkalinization

37
Q

calcineurin

A

activation of IL-2 - which promotes T cell development

38
Q

cyclosporine and tacrolimus MOA

A

inhibit calcineurin

-necessary for activation of IL-2 and T cell development

39
Q

e-cadherin loss

A

metastatic cancer

40
Q

neurofibromin

A

NF1 - chromosome 17

41
Q

Bcl-2

A

apoptosis inhibitor

-accumulate in malignant cells

42
Q

foscarnet

A

analog of pyrophosphate

chelate Ca and promote nephrotoxic renal Mg wasting

hypoCa
hypoMg

43
Q

tx CMV retinitis

A

gangciclovir

44
Q

adverse gangciclovir

A

neutropenia

45
Q

indinavir

A

protease inhibitor

-fat redistribute, insulin resistant, hyperTG - need hydration

46
Q

lamivudine

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

47
Q

overproduction of IL-13

A

in minimal change disease

follow upper resp infection
-get effacement of foot processes

48
Q

alcohol fixed neutros

A

on immunofluorescence of wegeners - cANCA

crescentic - RPGN III - pauci immune

49
Q

ballooning and vacuolar degeneration of prox renal tubules

A

ethylene glycol

50
Q

ethylene glycol

A

antifreeze

cause acute renal failure
-precipitate of Ca oxalate crystals in renal tubules

anion gap metabolic acidosis - increased osmolar gap

Uworld Outline - Renal (8 decks)

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