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Uworld Outline - Renal > Uworld - Renal II > Flashcards

Uworld - Renal II Flashcards

1
Q

confounding

A

part of exposure-disease relationship can be explained by another variable

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2
Q

lead-time bias

A

prolong of survival in patient who underwent screening test

-allowing earlier diagnosis - but did not improve diagnosis

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3
Q

recall bias

A

inaccurate patient recall of past exposure

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4
Q

selection bias

A

subject selected for study or from selective losses during follow up

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5
Q

ANG II vasc effect

A

constrict efferent arteriole

-maintain GFR

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6
Q

ACE Is vasc

A

promote efferent arteriole dilation

-GFR decrease

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7
Q

observer bias

A

investigator decision affected by prior knowledge

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8
Q

renal artery stenosis

A

activate RAAS

-get HTN

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9
Q

kidney disease with renal artery stenosis

A

only if B/L

unilateral can filter toxins

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10
Q

JG cells

A

modified smooth m cells
-synthesize renin

in afferent arteriole

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11
Q

chronic renal hypoperfusion

A

see hypertrophy and hyperplasia of JG cells

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12
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

macula densa
JG cells
mesangial cells

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13
Q

macula densa

A

monitor salt content and tubular flow rate

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14
Q

tx of BPH

A

benign prostatic HYPERPLASIA

alpha-adrenergic blocker - relax smooth m bladder neck

5 a-reductase inhibitor - reduced T > DHT

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15
Q

MOA 5-a reductase inhibitors

A

reduced T > DHT

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16
Q

creatinine

A

overestimate of GFR - moderate secretion by renal tubules

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17
Q

glucose, sodium, and urea

A

net tubular reabsorption

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18
Q

inulin and mannitol

A

no tubular reabsorption/secretion

-estimate GFR

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19
Q

bezold jarisch reflex

A

hypotension and bradycardia

can occur when initiate ACE I therapy

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20
Q

urine from umbilicus

A

allantois - connect UG sinus with yolk sac
-becomes urachus

patent urachus gives these sx

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21
Q

meckel diverticulum

A

incomplete obliteration - vitelline duct

persistent yolk sac

22
Q

omphalocele

A

incomplete closure anterior abdomen

viscera COVERED

23
Q

gastroschisis

A

inadequate large peritoneal cavity fetal life
-viscera out of abdomen

viscera NOT COVERED

24
Q

hypospadius

A

opening ventral surface of penis

-downward curving penis

25
Q

mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic

tx for pulmonary edema

reduces edema and ICP with cerebral edema

26
Q

bumetanide

A

loop diuretic

inhibit Na/K/2Cl cotransporter - ascending loop henle

27
Q

lytes with thiazide

A

hypoK

hypoMg

28
Q

lytes with loop diuretic

A

hypoK
hypoMg
hypoCa

29
Q

lytes with aldosterone antagonist

A

hyperK

30
Q

spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist

mild diuretic
K sparing

31
Q

adverse aldosterone antagonist

A

gynecomastia, ED, loss libido

32
Q

triamterene

A

K-sparing

block Na channels - distal tubules and collecting duct

33
Q

rejection minutes to hours with mottling and cyanosis

A

hyperacute

-preformed Abs

34
Q

6 month rejection

A

acute
exposure to donor antigens
-humoral - C4d, neutrophils, necrotizing vasculitis
-cellular - lmyphocytes, endothelitis

35
Q

month to year rejection

A

chronic
low grade response of immune system

vascular wall thick, lumen narrow, interstitial fibrosis, parenchyma atrophy

36
Q

hypersens type hyperacute rejection

A

Ab mediated - type II

preformed IgG Abs

mismatch anti-ABO blood group or anti-HLA

37
Q

graft versus host disease

A

bone marrow transplant

competent donor T cells
-to immunocompromised

maculopapular eruption - palms, soles, back, neck

38
Q

type I hypersens

A

IgE - mast cells

anaphylaxis, urticaria, asthma, seasonal allergy

39
Q

type III hypersens

A

IC mediated

Ab-Ag in small vessels

SLE, PSGN, serum sickness

40
Q

abrupt gross hematuria in sickle cell

A

renal papillary necrosis

with sickle cell trait, DM, analgesis nephropathy, severe obstructive pyelonephritis

41
Q

ACE I adverse

A

hyperK
cough
angiodema

42
Q

metoprolol adverse

A

bradycardia

ED

43
Q

atorvastatin

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

44
Q

adverse statins

A

muscle toxic

hepatic dysfxn

45
Q

thiazide

A

potassium wasting

46
Q

furosemide

A

loop - K-wasting

47
Q

metformin in renal pt

A

systemic accumulation lactic acid

48
Q

prazosin

A

a1 antagonist - tx for HTN

49
Q

complement - vasodilation/shock

A

C3a and C5a

50
Q

complement cell lysis

A

C5b-9 - MAC

Uworld Outline - Renal (8 decks)

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