uworld peds Flashcards
what is the presentation of VSD
holosystolic murmur over the left border, left to right shunting, diaphoresis while feeding, diastolic rumble
what is the presentation of tetrology of fallot
The four defects include a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy).
what happens with a long standing VSD
eventually the right ventricle will hypertrophy and cause eisenmenger syndrome, where there is right to left shunting and cyanosis
what is the presentation of sturge weber
vascular patch over the face, generally red in color. neurocutaneous characterized by leptomeningeal capillary venous malformations of the brain and the eye. port wine stain
what is the prenetation of von hippel lindau
various tumors, hemangioma of the eye, CNS tumors of the cerebellum and spinal cord. renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
what is the presentation of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency this is von girke disease
doll-like facies, protuberant abdomen, failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia and uricemia, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly.
what is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis
GBS
what are the characteristics of GBS
gram positive cocci in chains and pairs
what are gamma tetramers on newborn screening
this is alpha thalasemia hemoglobin Barts.
the RBCs will be increased in number, but willl be hypo chromic and microcytic. this is typically associated with hydrops and in utero death
target cells on smear
what are pencil cells
are red blood cells that looks like ellipses found in ellipticytosis
what is coloboma and coanal atresia indicative of
CHARGE. CHD7 mutation patient should get an echo colomboma heart defects atresia retardation in growth genitourinary ear abnormalities
VACTERAL syndrome
veterbral anal atresia cardiac tracheoesophageal fistula renal limb
what bone lesion improves with aspirin and how does it prsnet
osteoid osteoma
round lucency small on X-ray
most common in adolescent boys
treatment for osteoid osteoma
NSAIDs monitor for resolution
what is the difference between AOM and OME
OME does not have a fever or TM bulging. it will have bubbles.
AOM will be bulging
what is more common bacterial infection for CF in younger patients
staph aureus
what is the more common bacteria in CF as they are oplder
Pseudomonas
are the number of RBCs decreased in thalasemia
no
what is the brain pathology you’d expect for hereditary telangiectasia
hemorrhagic stroke can be intraparenchymal, intraventricular, or subarachnoid
diamond blackfan anemia presnetaion
congenital erythroid aplasia, triphalangial thumbs, webbed neck
what is usually the cause of death in meningococcal meningitis
adrenal hemorrhage
what are thee criteria for rheumatic fever
Major: carditis (clinical and/or subclinical), arthritis (polyarthritis), chorea, Erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules.
minor: olyarthralgia, fever (≥38.5° F), sedimentation rate ≥60 mm and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥3.0 mg/dl, and prolonged PR interval (unless carditis is a major criterion)
what is serum sickness like reaction for penicillin (beta lactams)
joint pain, rash, fever, urticaria
what is the cause of cyanosis that does not respond to oxygen, no murmur, hypotension, tachycardia
CO poisoning
what is the treatment for CO poisoning
methylene blue
what is the first step in treating AUB
high dose OCPs. the high dose of estrogen will stabilize the endometrium
what is the predominant finding in people with concussion
headache. usually it can be tested by asking them to move their eyes back and forth between two points or the headache will come back when exposed to noise
what is perilymphatic fistula
a rare complication of head trauma that causes vertigo and hearing loss
what is the pathology of reye syndrome
micro vesicular fatty infiltration
aplastic crisis
low reticulocytes. transient arrest of erythropoiesis. likely secondary to parvovirus B19
what is the presentation of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
usually minutes after infusion the patient will have flank pain, fever, chills, hypotension, DIC and shock
what is the presentation of endometrial polyps
AUB, usually with intermenstrual bleeding
what is the cause of AUB if everything seems normal
probably Von Willebrand Factor deficiency which is failure of platelet adhesion
what are the meningitis PEP for children
rifampin and ceftriaxone (cipro for adults)
Could growth plates be injured if competitively weight lifting at a young age
yes.
but under proper supervision, normal, lite weight training is perfectly acceptable
what should you think about in children with stroke like symptoms
hemoglobin electrophoresis
Can children have strokes d
yes. SCD, congenital heart disease, protrombitic disorders, bacterial meningitis, vasculitis, trauma
what is the presentation of galactosemia
GALT deficiency, autosomal recessive, jaundice and hepatomegaly, vomiting and poor feeding, failure to thrive, cataracts, increased risk for E coli sepsis.
what is the presentation of food-protein induced allergic proctocolitis
young infant, painless bloody stools, with spit up.
what is the management for allergic protocolitis
elimination of milk and soy from maternal diet in breastfed infants. hydrolyzed formula in formula fed infants
miliaria
heat rash due to blockage of eccrine sweat glands in the setting of heat or humidity
pseudofolliculitis
small ands painful papules caused by growth of the hair shaft into the adjacent skin
keratosis pilaris
chronic skin condition of retained keratin plugs in hair follicles. painless papules with roughed skin texture, and mottled perifollicular erythema. most common on the posterior surface of the upper arm.
exacerbated in cold weather and dry climates.
folliculitis
inflamed hair follicles and is typically an acute erythematous pustular lesion
what is the difference between aplastic crisis and folate deficiency in SCD
in aplastic crisis the anemia onset is fast, very low reticulocytes count and normocytic.
Folate takes longer, is macrocytic and has low to normal reticulocytosis
microcephaly, wide anterior fontanelle, cleft palate, hypoplasia of distal phalanges, and IUGR
fetal hydantoin syndrome
what is the presentation of fetal hydantoin syndrome
hirsutism, cleft lip and palate, cardiac defects, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, wide anterior fontanelle, neural tube defects,
what is the presentation of cocaine baby
IUGR, placental abruption, preterm delivery
what is the presentation of fetal alcohol syndrome
microcephaly, midface hypoplasia,
gonococcal conjunctivitis
copious purulent exudate with eyelid swelling typically apparent within the first 2-5 days of life.
what is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
chlamydial conjunctivitis
typically arises within the first 5-14 days. much more mild presnetation than gonococcal with eyelid swelling, usually watery discharge, but can be purulent
what is the most common risk factor for orbital cellulitis
bacterial sinusitis
what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis
fever, pain with eye movement, vision changes
what is the most common cause of meningitis in children and young adults
N. meningitidis
does pneumococcal meningitis cause a petechial rash
not usually
what type of precautions are used for meningitis infection droplet or airborne
droplet
what is the presentation of measles
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. high fever. cephalocaudal rash that coalesces and appears hemorrhagic and nonblanching.
what is the presentation of mumps
parotitis and orchitis
presentation of rubella
fever, cephalocaudal spread of maculopapular rash.
arthalgias or arthritis may be present, especially in females. lymphadenopathy and koplik spots
what is the presentation of congenital rubella
sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, patent ductus arteriosis
do you treat campylobacter coli infections
supportive care only unless severe or high risk cases
usually self limited.
what are the complications of campylobacter coli infection
GBS
where do you find campylobacter/where is it contracted from
under cooked poultry
optic disk pallor, trouble seeing at night, attenuation of retinal vessels with focal areas of discoloration bilaterally, midperiphery field defect.
retinitis pigmentosa
treatment for retinitis
omega three fatty acids
course/prognosis of retinitis
blind by 40
what are the minor criteria for rheumatic fever
fever, ESR, arthralgias, prolonged PR interval.
what is the treatment for long QTc syndrome
propanolol and pacer
what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis
azithromycin
what is the next step if rapid strep test is negative
throat culture
