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step II > uworld peds > Flashcards

uworld peds Flashcards

1
Q

what is the presentation of VSD

A

holosystolic murmur over the left border, left to right shunting, diaphoresis while feeding, diastolic rumble

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2
Q

what is the presentation of tetrology of fallot

A

The four defects include a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy).

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3
Q

what happens with a long standing VSD

A

eventually the right ventricle will hypertrophy and cause eisenmenger syndrome, where there is right to left shunting and cyanosis

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4
Q

what is the presentation of sturge weber

A

vascular patch over the face, generally red in color. neurocutaneous characterized by leptomeningeal capillary venous malformations of the brain and the eye. port wine stain

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5
Q

what is the prenetation of von hippel lindau

A

various tumors, hemangioma of the eye, CNS tumors of the cerebellum and spinal cord. renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma

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6
Q

what is the presentation of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency this is von girke disease

A

doll-like facies, protuberant abdomen, failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia and uricemia, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly.

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7
Q

what is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis

A

GBS

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of GBS

A

gram positive cocci in chains and pairs

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9
Q

what are gamma tetramers on newborn screening

A

this is alpha thalasemia hemoglobin Barts.
the RBCs will be increased in number, but willl be hypo chromic and microcytic. this is typically associated with hydrops and in utero death
target cells on smear

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10
Q

what are pencil cells

A

are red blood cells that looks like ellipses found in ellipticytosis

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11
Q

what is coloboma and coanal atresia indicative of

A 
CHARGE.    CHD7 mutation   patient should get an echo 
colomboma
heart defects
atresia
retardation in growth
genitourinary 
ear abnormalities
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12
Q

VACTERAL syndrome

A 
veterbral 
anal atresia
cardiac
tracheoesophageal fistula 
renal limb
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13
Q

what bone lesion improves with aspirin and how does it prsnet

A

osteoid osteoma
round lucency small on X-ray
most common in adolescent boys

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14
Q

treatment for osteoid osteoma

A

NSAIDs monitor for resolution

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15
Q

what is the difference between AOM and OME

A

OME does not have a fever or TM bulging. it will have bubbles.
AOM will be bulging

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16
Q

what is more common bacterial infection for CF in younger patients

A

staph aureus

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17
Q

what is the more common bacteria in CF as they are oplder

A

Pseudomonas

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18
Q

are the number of RBCs decreased in thalasemia

A

no

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19
Q

what is the brain pathology you’d expect for hereditary telangiectasia

A

hemorrhagic stroke can be intraparenchymal, intraventricular, or subarachnoid

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20
Q

diamond blackfan anemia presnetaion

A

congenital erythroid aplasia, triphalangial thumbs, webbed neck

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21
Q

what is usually the cause of death in meningococcal meningitis

A

adrenal hemorrhage

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22
Q

what are thee criteria for rheumatic fever

A

Major: carditis (clinical and/or subclinical), arthritis (polyarthritis), chorea, Erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules.
minor: olyarthralgia, fever (≥38.5° F), sedimentation rate ≥60 mm and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥3.0 mg/dl, and prolonged PR interval (unless carditis is a major criterion)

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23
Q

what is serum sickness like reaction for penicillin (beta lactams)

A

joint pain, rash, fever, urticaria

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24
Q

what is the cause of cyanosis that does not respond to oxygen, no murmur, hypotension, tachycardia

A

CO poisoning

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25
Q

what is the treatment for CO poisoning

A

methylene blue

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26
Q

what is the first step in treating AUB

A

high dose OCPs. the high dose of estrogen will stabilize the endometrium

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27
Q

what is the predominant finding in people with concussion

A

headache. usually it can be tested by asking them to move their eyes back and forth between two points or the headache will come back when exposed to noise

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28
Q

what is perilymphatic fistula

A

a rare complication of head trauma that causes vertigo and hearing loss

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29
Q

what is the pathology of reye syndrome

A

micro vesicular fatty infiltration

30
Q

aplastic crisis

A

low reticulocytes. transient arrest of erythropoiesis. likely secondary to parvovirus B19

31
Q

what is the presentation of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

usually minutes after infusion the patient will have flank pain, fever, chills, hypotension, DIC and shock

32
Q

what is the presentation of endometrial polyps

A

AUB, usually with intermenstrual bleeding

33
Q

what is the cause of AUB if everything seems normal

A

probably Von Willebrand Factor deficiency which is failure of platelet adhesion

34
Q

what are the meningitis PEP for children

A

rifampin and ceftriaxone (cipro for adults)

35
Q

Could growth plates be injured if competitively weight lifting at a young age

A

yes.

but under proper supervision, normal, lite weight training is perfectly acceptable

36
Q

what should you think about in children with stroke like symptoms

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

37
Q

Can children have strokes d

A

yes. SCD, congenital heart disease, protrombitic disorders, bacterial meningitis, vasculitis, trauma

38
Q

what is the presentation of galactosemia

A

GALT deficiency, autosomal recessive, jaundice and hepatomegaly, vomiting and poor feeding, failure to thrive, cataracts, increased risk for E coli sepsis.

39
Q

what is the presentation of food-protein induced allergic proctocolitis

A

young infant, painless bloody stools, with spit up.

40
Q

what is the management for allergic protocolitis

A

elimination of milk and soy from maternal diet in breastfed infants. hydrolyzed formula in formula fed infants

41
Q

miliaria

A

heat rash due to blockage of eccrine sweat glands in the setting of heat or humidity

42
Q

pseudofolliculitis

A

small ands painful papules caused by growth of the hair shaft into the adjacent skin

43
Q

keratosis pilaris

A

chronic skin condition of retained keratin plugs in hair follicles. painless papules with roughed skin texture, and mottled perifollicular erythema. most common on the posterior surface of the upper arm.
exacerbated in cold weather and dry climates.

44
Q

folliculitis

A

inflamed hair follicles and is typically an acute erythematous pustular lesion

45
Q

what is the difference between aplastic crisis and folate deficiency in SCD

A

in aplastic crisis the anemia onset is fast, very low reticulocytes count and normocytic.
Folate takes longer, is macrocytic and has low to normal reticulocytosis

46
Q

microcephaly, wide anterior fontanelle, cleft palate, hypoplasia of distal phalanges, and IUGR

A

fetal hydantoin syndrome

47
Q

what is the presentation of fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

hirsutism, cleft lip and palate, cardiac defects, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, wide anterior fontanelle, neural tube defects,

48
Q

what is the presentation of cocaine baby

A

IUGR, placental abruption, preterm delivery

49
Q

what is the presentation of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

microcephaly, midface hypoplasia,

50
Q

gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

copious purulent exudate with eyelid swelling typically apparent within the first 2-5 days of life.

51
Q

what is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

52
Q

chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

typically arises within the first 5-14 days. much more mild presnetation than gonococcal with eyelid swelling, usually watery discharge, but can be purulent

53
Q

what is the most common risk factor for orbital cellulitis

A

bacterial sinusitis

54
Q

what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis

A

fever, pain with eye movement, vision changes

55
Q

what is the most common cause of meningitis in children and young adults

A

N. meningitidis

56
Q

does pneumococcal meningitis cause a petechial rash

A

not usually

57
Q

what type of precautions are used for meningitis infection droplet or airborne

A

droplet

58
Q

what is the presentation of measles

A

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. high fever. cephalocaudal rash that coalesces and appears hemorrhagic and nonblanching.

59
Q

what is the presentation of mumps

A

parotitis and orchitis

60
Q

presentation of rubella

A

fever, cephalocaudal spread of maculopapular rash.

arthalgias or arthritis may be present, especially in females. lymphadenopathy and koplik spots

61
Q

what is the presentation of congenital rubella

A

sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, patent ductus arteriosis

62
Q

do you treat campylobacter coli infections

A

supportive care only unless severe or high risk cases

usually self limited.

63
Q

what are the complications of campylobacter coli infection

A

GBS

64
Q

where do you find campylobacter/where is it contracted from

A

under cooked poultry

65
Q

optic disk pallor, trouble seeing at night, attenuation of retinal vessels with focal areas of discoloration bilaterally, midperiphery field defect.

A

retinitis pigmentosa

66
Q

treatment for retinitis

A

omega three fatty acids

67
Q

course/prognosis of retinitis

A

blind by 40

68
Q

what are the minor criteria for rheumatic fever

A

fever, ESR, arthralgias, prolonged PR interval.

69
Q

what is the treatment for long QTc syndrome

A

propanolol and pacer

70
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

azithromycin

71
Q

what is the next step if rapid strep test is negative

A

throat culture

step II (22 decks)

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