amboss respiratory Flashcards
what is the treatment of choice for legionella
levofloxacin
second line therapy for legionella
macrolide such as azithromycin
what is beta-D glucan
PCP
what is the treatment for PCP
Bactrim and prednisone
what do you treat PCP with if the person has an allergy to Sulfa
IV clindamycin and oral primaquine are the first-line treatment for patients with PCP who are allergic to sulfa drugs and therefore cannot be given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
what is the presentation of epiglottitis
This patient’s high fever, respiratory distress, muffled voice, drooling, and tripod positioning strongly suggest epiglottitis, especially given the fact that his immunization history is unknown. In the tripod position (leaning forward with hands on knees), patients are able to reduce the work of breathing by extending the neck.
what is the treatment for epiglottis
third-generation cephalosporin (e.g., cefotaxime, ceftriaxone) or a beta-lactam with a beta-lactamase inhibitor (e.g., ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam)
characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) is the most likely diagnosis in this patient, as it is the most common lung cancer in smokers. SCC typically affects the central parts of the lung and may present with hypercalcemia as a result of the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). On histology, SCC is a solid, epithelial tumor that can have intercellular bridges and keratin pearls.
treatment for croup
cool mist and dexamethasone
if deecompensating then use racemic epinephrine
what causes croup
parainfluenza virus
suggests acute bronchitis
a cough and mild dyspnea on exertion following symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. The absence of fever, yellow-greenfish sputum, or signs of consolidation on exam (negative egophony) , which is usually caused by a virus.
what is the treatment for acute bronchitis
supportive treatment only
what does pp65 antigen and cough, fever dyspnea indicate
CMV pneumonia
treatment for CMV penumonia
gancyclovir
treatment of pertusis
macrolides such as erythromycin, azithromycin clarithromycin for all close contacts as well regardless of immunization status
complications of pertusis
pneumothorax
what causes whooping cough
pertusis
The pertussis vaccination is recommended for all children at
2, 4, 6, and 15–18 months, as well as 4–6 years and is routinely administered together with the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (see ACIP immunization schedule).
alternative to penicillin for tonsillitis
macrolide
what is the presentation of pertusis
this is whooping cough. violent coughing spells with inspiratory stridor or loud/high-pitched breathing sound. can also cause petechial bleeds in the eyes that presents like conjunctivits with foreign body sensation
treatment of peritonsilar abscess
I and D with ampicillin sulbactam
what is given for prevention of RSV
palivizumab
short acting monoclonal antibody that provides passive immunity
what is the therapy for tuberculosis
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are antibiotic agents used as standard treatment for active TB. Treatment consists of an initiation phase lasting 2 months, using the 4 antibiotics simultaneously (to increase serum concentration, optimize killing of the bacteria, and minimize the risk of developing antibiotic resistance), followed by a continuation phase with only isoniazid and rifampin use for at least 4 months (to reduce the risk of relapse).
what is a contraindication for the PPD test
BCG vaccine