amboss 7/4 Flashcards
what is the presentation of hepatitis A infections
fever, jaundice, high bili, Serum transaminase levels are highly elevated (400–1000 U). Unlike in alcoholic hepatitis, ALT levels are greater than AST levels (the AST/ALT ratio is usually < 1). If the AST/ALT ratio is > 1 in a patient with acute viral hepatitis, acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis) should be suspected.
what is the presentation of hepatitis B
usually asymptomatic, can produce a chronic hepatitis years later
how is hep B transmitted
sexually, parentally (needlestick), perinatally
bacillus cerus food poisoning occurs in what foods
foods that are heated/coooked and then reheated
It grows in heated food that cools down too slowly or in food that is improperly refrigerated. Reheated rice is a common source of infection.
which leads to nausea and vomiting approximately 30 minutes to 6 hours after ingestion.
what is the presentation of amebiasis from entameoba histolytica
and causes both intestinal disease (bloody loose stools) and extraintestinal disease (amebic liver abscess). Patients with an amebic liver abscess typically present with fever and pain in the RUQ that is possibly exacerbated by inspiration.
how is entamoeba spread
This pathogen is spread fecal-orally in endemic regions (Mexico, Southeast Asia, India)
what are the ultrasound findings for entamoeba infection
a solitary hypoechoic lesion in the liver makes the diagnosis of amebiasis extremely likely.
what is the diagnostic test of choice for suspected GI bleed
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
what is the test of choice for boerhaave sydnrome
CT scan chest; contrast esophgram with gastrographin NOT barium. contrast only done if patient is stable `
what is the difference between boerhaave and mallory weis
borehaave is transmural rupture
how is the diagnosis made for mallory Weiss tear
endoscopy
treatment for boerhaave
surgical repair
what is the treatment for entamoeba histolytica
metronidazole
what is the treatment for anal fissure
sitz bath and nifedipine
is hep c RNA or DNA
RNA
glutamate dehydrogenase antigen screening is for what
C diff
what is the test for lactose intolerance
hydrogen breath test
what is the test for celiac disease
antitissue transglutaminase; IgG deaminated gliadin peptide test
how do you treat whipples disease
IV ceftriaxone; maintenance therapy with Bactrim should be followed for one year
what is the presentation of whipples
joint pain and malabsorption
what can happen when an amoebic cyst is drained
anaphylactic shock
what is first line therapy for hemorrhoids
docusate and lidocaine if painful
what is the therapy for internal hemorrhoids if first line medical therapy fails
rubber band ligation
what is the next step in management after achalasia is found on barium swallow
endoscopy because must rule out pseudoachalasia