amboss 6/27 Flashcards
what are post partum blues and what is the treatment
Feelings of mood instability and lability after pregnancy they usually resolve spontaneously. do not require treatment usually just reassurance
how frequent are post partum blues
the occur with 30-80% of pregnancy
how long do post partum blues usually last
two weeks
what is the cause of delirium tremens
chronic alcohol use causes the down regulation of GABA receptors which leads to neuronal excitability when alcohol is not present.
what is the mortality rate of DTs
5% if not treated immediately
what is the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder with mania and what is one exception to this treatment
lithium is the treatment of choice.
it CANNOT be used with kidney dysfunction
what is th drug of choice for bipolar disorder with kidney dysfunction or with other contraindications to lithium
valproate
what is the classification for bipolar II
characterized by hypomania for at least 4 consecutive days and major depression for 2 weeks.
what is the classification of bipolar I
characterized by at least one manic episode lasting ≥ 1 week with or without major depressive episodes
what is the classification of a manic episode
Manic episodes cause significant functional (e.g., occupational or social) impairment, often requiring hospitalization, and psychotic features may be present.
what is the most important side effect of clonazipine
agranulocytosis
what is a risk factor for psychosis
frequent marijuana usage
what does an MRI brain show of a person with schizophrenia
Lateral cerebral ventricle enlargement (in addition to decreased cortical volume) is one of the most consistent MRI findings in schizophrenic patients, with these ventricles being up to 30% larger than normal. The specific reason for ventricular enlargement is not known, but it seems to stem from diffusely decreased cortical volume and shrinkage of the thalamus and putamen.
what class of drug is fluphenazine
phenothiazine
what is a side effect of the phenothiazines
impaired thermoregulation.
what is the most common side effect of olanzapine
metabolic syndrome. dyslipidemia, weight gain, hyperglycemia, diabetes.
what two atypical antipsychotics are highly associated with metabolic sydnrome
olanzapine and clozapine
what is the presentation of ecstasy intoxication
euphoria and energeticism sometimes with dissociation. it also causes dehydration and some users drink excessive amounts of water which leads to hyponatremia. hyperthermia is also common
what is a common SE of the first generation antipsychotics
akathisia
what are some of the first gen high potency antipsychotics
haloperidol, fluphenazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine pimozide
what are some of the first gen low potency antipsychotics
promethazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine
what are the criteria for adjustment disorder
To diagnose adjustment disorder with depressed mood, symptoms of depression have to occur within 3 months in response to an identifiable psychosocial stressor (e.g., death of a loved one, serious illness, ending of a relationship). Full criteria for other psychiatric conditions, such as major depressive disorder, are typically not met.
what are the criteria for MDD
Sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia), Interest loss (anhedonia), Guilt (low self-esteem), Energy (low energy or fatigue), Concentration (poor concentration or difficulty making decisions), Appetite (decreased appetite or overeating), Psychomotor agitation or retardation, and Suicidality.
what is a common consequence of anorexia nervosa
bone loss and fractures