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Neuro > UWORLD NEURO > Flashcards

UWORLD NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

DA pathway with defect in schizophrenia?

A

Mesolimbic-mesocortical. Regulates behavior.

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2
Q

DA pathway with defect in PD?

A

Nigrostriatal. Regulates voluntary movement

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3
Q

DA pathway that controls prolactin secretion

A

Tuberoinfundibular

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4
Q

Non-pupil sparing third nerve palsy on right? Aneurysm?

A

Right SCA or PCOMM

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5
Q

Diplopia with walking down stairs. CN affected?

A

vertical diplopia. CN4

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6
Q

Weak wrist extension but no sensory defects? Lesion?

A

HEAD OF Radius. Radial nerve splits to deep branch (extensors) and superfical (sensory)

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7
Q

Neuronal Constant of a DECREASED with demyelinating dzs?

A

Length constant - distance where the amplitude decreases to 37% of original.

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8
Q

Neuronal constant INCREASED with demylinating Dzs?

A

Time constant. Time is takes for a change in membrane potential to achieve 63% of new value (Lower constants mean quicker changes in axonal conductional speed)

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9
Q

Stroke pt. Autopsy shows 5-6 mm cavities filled with clear fluid in the deep structures of the brain. Cause?

A

Lacunar infarcts from small vessel lipohyalinosi and microatheromas

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10
Q

Lipohyalinosis?

A

Loss of normal arterial architecture, mural foam cells and evidence of fibrinoid vessel wall necrosis

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11
Q

Microatheromas

A

Result from accumulations of lipid laden macrophages ithin the intimal layer of a vessel

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12
Q

Viral Meningitis in children. Which Viruses?

A

Enteroviruses

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13
Q

Endorphins structurally similar to?

A

ACTH and MSH

all from pro-OPIO-MELANO-CORTIN, POMC

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14
Q

GH structurally similar to?

A

prolactin

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15
Q

Somatomedin C - structurally similar to?

A

IGF. similar to Insulin

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16
Q

Knife clasp rigidity - lesion?

A

UMN lesion - corticospinal tract, internal capsule, primary motor CTX

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17
Q

Bilateral loss of sensation AND bilateral motor weakness?

A

Syringomyelia (disrupts anterior white commissure and anterior horn)

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18
Q

Sensory Innervation of ear?

A

V3 to external auditory meatus (except posterior wall)

Vegus to Posterior wall of canal

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19
Q

Interventricular Hemorrhage - lesion?

A

Germinal matrix

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20
Q

Only sensory pathway that does not go through thalamus?

A

Smell

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21
Q

Long term sequelae of communicating hydrocephalus?

A

lower extremity spasticy due to stretching of pyramidal tracts

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22
Q

Pt with wild flinging movements of right arm. Lesion where?

A

Hemiballism. STN

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23
Q

Pt brain shows neuronal shrinkage and intense cytoplasmic eosinophillia. Eventually, area will have?

A

hyperplasia of glial cells (gliosis)

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24
Q

1st area damaged with global cerebral ischemia?

A

Hippocampus

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25
Q

Cells most susceptible to ischemia?

A

pyramidal cells (hippocampus) and purkinje cells (cerebellum)

26
Q

Poor memory, urinary incontinence, gait abnormalities. Why urinary incontinence?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Stretching of cortical fibers.

27
Q

The lack of this makes neurons highly susceptible to ischemia?

A

glycogen

28
Q

Patterned, wedged shaped bands of necrosis?

A

hypoxic encephalopathy from ischemia (along water-shed areas)

29
Q

Endoneural inflammatory infiltrate - associated with what acquired neurological illness?

A

Guillain-Barre

30
Q

Endomysial inflammatory infiltate seen in?

A

polymyocitis

31
Q

Endoneuronal arteriole hyalinization?

A

diabetic neuropathy

32
Q

Recurrent hemorrhagic stroke in brain?

A

Amyloid angiopathy

33
Q

Decreased vibration sense and pallor?

A

B12 deficiency

34
Q

Pt with pulmonary mass that complains for shoulder pain, hiccups and dyspnea. Nerve affected?

A

Phrenic

35
Q

Right shoulder pain that radiates down arm, right-sided ptosis (with preserved EOMs), absent deep tendon reflexes in arm and reduced sensation in arm?

A

Pancost tumor - compressing autonomic ganglia and brachial plexus

36
Q

Von Recklinghausen aka?

A

NF1

37
Q

Mental retardation, seizures, hemiplegia, and tram-track calcifications on skull radiographs? Also has facial angiomas and letomeningeal angiomas.

A

Sturge-Weber

38
Q

congential telangiectasias causing hematuria, GI bleeding?

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

39
Q

Most frequent tumor immunosuppressed patients?

A

CNS lymphoma

40
Q

Pt with period of left eye blindness and left sided jaw pain. Test?

A

Temporal arteritis. ESR

41
Q

Pt with kyphoscoliosis, high arch (pes cavus) and a brother that died at 20 of neurologic disease.

A

Frederich’s ataxia.

42
Q

Neurologic disease with death from heart failure - effect on spinal cord?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Frederich’s ataxia. Degeneration of spinocerebellar tracts

43
Q

Diabetes and ptosis. Why?

A

ischemic damage to only the somatic parts of CN III.

44
Q

berry aneurysm aka?

A

Saccular aneurysms

45
Q

LP of subarachnoid hemorrhage yield?

A

blood or xanthochromia

46
Q

Neuron - cell body rounding, peripheral displacement nuclei, and Nissl substance dispersion to periphery. Cause?

A

Axonal reaction

47
Q

Formation of charcot-bouchard pseudoaneurysms?

A

HTN - hyaline ateriolosclerosis - dilation esp in BG

48
Q

3-5 days after cerebral infact, increased presence of what cells?

A

Microglia

49
Q

Tx to prevent a major cuase of morbidity and mortality in patients recovering from SAH?

A

Nimodipine to prevent vasospasm

50
Q

4 year old with enlargen genitalia, pubic hair growth and impaired upward gaze. Location of cause?

A

Germinoma on pineal gland. Increases B-HCG causing precocious puberty and compresses superior calliculi causing Parinaud’s

51
Q

These resorb CSF

A

arachnoid granulations

52
Q

First sign of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Tremoulousness

53
Q

Alcohol withdrawl. DTs when?

A

between 48-72 hours after last drink

54
Q

2 year old with non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements. hypotonia and myoclonus. Look for?

A

Abdombinal mass - neuroblastoma

55
Q

21 year old pt with impaired balance and difficulty speaking. Elevated serum transaminases. Test?

A

Slit lamp for Wilsons. Can tell its Wilson’s because of Liver (elevated transaminases) and neurologic sx (balance and difficultly speaking - can also get a PD like tremor)

56
Q

Pt with positive VDRL?

A

Tertiary syphillius.

57
Q

Pt with lung cancer. Hip girdle weakness. Increased muscle response on repetitive motor nerve stimulation. Cause?

A

Lambert-Eaton - associated with lung cancer

58
Q

ALZ - atrophy where?

A

Hippocampus and temoroparietal lobes

59
Q

Neural Injury timline?

A 
Red neurons (12-24 hours)
Neutrophilic infiltration (1-3 days
)
Macrophages (3-5 days)
1-2 weeks (reactive gliosis and liquefactive necrosis)
2+ weeks (glial scar)
60
Q

Mass with synaptophysin - tumor type?

A

Neronal origin tumor.

61
Q

Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

hypothyroid, DM, RA, dialysis associated amyloidosis

Neuro (14 decks)

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