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Neuro > Barbiturates and Anesthetics > Flashcards

Barbiturates and Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Barbiturates - suffix? (exception)

A

barbitol (except thiopental)

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2
Q

MoA of barbiturates?

A

increase duration of Cl- channel opening (barbiDURATes)

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3
Q

Barbiturates contraindicated for?

A

prophyria

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4
Q

Barbiturate used for anesthesia induction

A

Thiopental

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5
Q

Barbiturate toxicities: Most worried about?

A

Repiratory depression

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6
Q

Barbiturate - effect on P450?

A

inducers

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7
Q

Barbiturate: OD treatment?

A

Supportive

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8
Q

Benzos - suffix (exception)

A

-lam, -pam, (chlordiazepoxide)

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9
Q

Benzos - MoA

A

increases frequency of Cl channel (GABAa)opening

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10
Q

Benzos - Shorter acting (higher addiction potential)?

A

triazolam, oxaepam, midazolam

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11
Q

Pt comes in with night terrors and sleepwalking. Tx?

A

Benzos

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12
Q

Which has larger effect on respiration - barbs or benzos?

A

barbiturates

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13
Q

Benzo: OD treatment? MoA?

A

Flumazenil, Competitive antag for GABA receptor

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14
Q

MoA of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics?

A

Zs (Zolpidem, zalephlon, eszopiclone)

Act via the BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor

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15
Q

Indication of Z-drugs?

A

Insomnia

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16
Q

Side effects of Z-drugs?

A

Ataxia, headaches, confusion

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17
Q

Advantage of Z-drugs over benzos?

A

Modest dat-after psychomotor depression.
Few amnestic effects.
Lower dependence

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18
Q

Anesthetics: What determines induction/recovery times? potency?

A

decreased blood solubilty = rapid induction

increased lipid solubility = increased potency

19
Q

Potency of anesthetics determined by?

A

1/MAC (min alveolar concentration at which 50% of the population is anesthetized)

20
Q

Anesthetic with low blood and lipid solubility?

A

N2O nitrous oxide (low potency and high induction)

21
Q

Anesthetic with high blood and lipid solubility?

A

Halothane (high potency and slow induction)

22
Q

Inhaled anesthetics - suffix? (exception)

A

-ane (Nitrous Oxide - N2O)

23
Q

Anesthetic Toxicity: hepatoxicity

24
Q

Anesthetic Toxicity: nephrotoxicity

A

methoxyflurane

25
Q

Anesthetic Toxicity: proconvlusant

26
Q

Anesthetic Toxicity: malignany hyperthermia

A

All but N2O

27
Q

Anesthetic Toxicity: trapped gas in body

28
Q

Intravenous anesthetic classes (5)

A

Barbs, Benzos, Ketamine, Opioids, Propofol

29
Q

Barb with high potency and rapid entry into brain. Used to induce anesthesia. How is effect terminated?

A

Thiopental. Rapid redistribution into tissue

30
Q

Benzo used for endoscopy. Treat OD with?

A

Midazolam. Flumazenil

31
Q

IV anesthetics that blocks NMDA receptors. Stimulation of? Side effects?

A

Ketamine. Stimulate cardiovascular system. Hallucinations

32
Q

Opioid used during general anesthesia (2)

A

Morphine and Fentanyl

33
Q

Used for sedation in ICU. Rapid anesthesia induction. MoA?

A

Propofol. Potentiates GABAa.

34
Q

Local Anesthetics: esters?

A

procaine, cocaine, tetracaine

35
Q

Local Anesthetics: amides?

A

LIdocaIne, MepIvacaIne, bupIvacaIne

36
Q

Local Anesthetics: MoA?

A

The -caines. Block Na channels by binding to inner portion of ACTIVE channels

37
Q

Local Anesthetics: enhance location action by?

A

The -caines. giving with vasoconstrictors (NE)

38
Q

Local Anesthetics: why need more in infected tissue?

A

The -caines. Acidic tissue charges molecules, can’t go through membrane

39
Q

Local Anesthetics: Nerves most affected? Order of sensation loss with administration?

A

The -caines. Small then myelinated. pain, temperature, touch, pressure

40
Q

Local Anesthetics: toxicity?

A

The -caines. CNS excitation

41
Q

Local Anesthetics: cardiovascular toxicity with?

A

Bupivacaine

42
Q

Local Anesthetics: arrhythmias?

43
Q

Alcoholic comes in with DTs. Tx?

Neuro (14 decks)

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