Neuro Pharm - Opioids and Glaucoma

Question 1

MoA of glaucoma drug that cannot be used in closed-angle glaucoma.

Answer 1

Epinephrine - decreases aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction

Question 2

MoA of Glaucoma drug that can cause itching or foreign body sensation of eye?

Answer 2

Brimonidine -a2 agonist - decreases aqueous humor synthesis

Question 3

B-blockers used in glaucoma?

Answer 3

Timolol, Betaxolol, Carteolol

Question 4

MoA of diuretic used for glaucoma?

Answer 4

Acetazolamide - decreases aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

Question 5

MoA of direct cholinomimetics (2) used for glaucoma?

Answer 5

Pilocarpine and cabachol. Increased outfow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

Question 6

Glaucoma drugs that may lead to miosis and cyclospasm

Answer 6

Pilocarpine and carbachol

cyclospasm - contraction of ciliary muscle

Question 7

Glaucoma drug used in emergencies?

Answer 7

pliocarpine

Question 8

Indirect cholinomimetics used for glaucoma?

Answer 8

Physostigmine, Echothiophate

Question 9

MoA of prostaglandin used used for glaucoma?

Answer 9

Lantanoprost. PGF-2alpha. Increases outflow of aqueous humor

Question 10

Glaucoma drug that may darken color of Iris?

Answer 10

Latanoprost

Question 11

Opioids - tolerance does not develop to?

Answer 11

miosis and constipation

Question 12

Opioid used for cough?

Answer 12

Dextromethorphan

Question 13

Opioid used for diarrhea (2)

Answer 13

Loperamide and diphenoxylate

Question 14

Pulmonary indication for opioid use?

Answer 14

acute pulmonary edema

Question 15

Opioid used for addiction programs?

Answer 15

methadone

Question 16

Anti-opioids (2)

Answer 16

naloxone and naltrexone

Question 17

Meperidine?

Answer 17

Opioid

Question 18

diphenoxylate?

Answer 18

Opioid for diarrhea

Question 19

fentanyl?

Answer 19

Opioid

Question 20

dextromethorphan?

Answer 20

Opioid used for cough

Question 21

MoA for opioids? (NTs affected)

Answer 21

Opens K, close Ca - decrease transmission of ACh, 5HT, NE, glutamate and substance P

Question 22

MoA of opioid used for severe pain (migrane, labor)?

Answer 22

Butrophanol. Mu-partial agonist and kappa-agonist.

Question 23

Opioid that is not not easily reversed with naloxone?

Answer 23

Butorphanol

Question 24

Causes less respiratory depression than other opioids?

Answer 24

Butrophanol

Question 25

Weak Opiod agonist?

Answer 25

Tramadol

Question 26

MoA for opioid used for chronic pain?

Answer 26

Tramadol. Opioid ag that inhibits 5HT and NE reuptake

Question 27

Overview: classes of drugs that

1) decrease aqueous humor synthesis
2) increase outflow

Answer 27

1) epinephrine, a2-agonists , b-blockers, diuretics

2) direct cholinomimetics, indirect cholinomimetics, prostaglandins

Question 27

Opioid that can decrease seizure threshold?

Answer 27

Tramadol

Question 28

drug with similar MoA to butorphan?

Answer 28

Pentazocine