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Neuro > Neuro Path > Flashcards

Neuro Path Flashcards

1
Q

Over- phosphorylated tau protein. Chromosome of genes responsible for early onset?

A

ALZ - APP gene (21) and presenilin (14)

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2
Q

Dementia, aphasia and parkinsonian aspects with spherical tau. Affects what brain areas?

A

Pick’s Disease - Frontal and Temporal Lobes

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3
Q

alpha-synuclein. Presents with dementia, hallucination and what?

A

Parkinsonism (earlier onset than PD)

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4
Q

Worsening dementia and myoclonus starting 2 months prior. Abnormal Protein gives CTX what appearance?

A

CJD - PrPsc (Beta-pleated sheet)

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5
Q

Affects MLF among other places. HLA?

A

MS; DR2

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6
Q

25 y/o woman with replasing incontinence, scanning speech and nystagmus. LP finds this protein.

A

MS; IgG

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7
Q

Periventricular plaques and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive gliosis. Treat with?

A

MS; IFN-B

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8
Q

Inflammation and demyelination or peripheral nerves. Associated with what infections?

A

Guillain-Barre; Campylobactor and CMV

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9
Q

Demylinated seen in AIDs pts. Another virus in the family affects what organ?

A

Progressive multifocal leukpencephalopathy fom JC Virus - Pylomavirus family.- BK virus - kidney

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10
Q

Multifocal perivenular inflammation and demylination after infection - from what vaccinations?

A

Rabies or smallpox

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11
Q

Multifocal perivenular inflammation and demylination after infection - from what infections?

A

Measles or VZV

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12
Q

AR disease that Impairs production of myelin sheath. Malfunctioning enzyme?

A

Metachromic leukodystrophy; arylsulfatase A deficiency

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13
Q

AR disease. Buildup of galactocerebroside destroys this neural component

A

Krabbe’s. Myelin Sheath

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14
Q

Seizure - 3Hz

A

Absence

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15
Q

Seizure - mistaken for fainting

A

Atonic

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16
Q

Tx for male pt with headache with periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinnorrhea

A

Cluster headaches., O2 and Sumatriptan

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17
Q

Bilateral headache lasting 4-6 hours with no photophobia

A

Tension

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18
Q

Worst headache of my life - LP finding?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage; Xanthocrhomic (yellow) findings

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19
Q

Worst headache of my life - associated genetic conditions (3)

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage, Marfans, Ehlers-Danlos, ADPKD

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20
Q

Worst headache of my life, risk 2-3 days later?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm (ischemia)

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21
Q

Rupture of Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm leads to hemorrhage here?

A

Intreaparenchymal hemorrhage, Basal Ganglia

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22
Q

Hemorrhage associated with CNIII palsy. Can cross falx.

23
Q

Stroke with cystic cavity with reactive gliosis caused by what?

A

Atherosclerosis

24
Q

PD exam finding pathology that results from decreased CSF absorption

A

Communicating hydrocephalus, papilledema

25
Q

Wet, Wobbly, and Wacky - due to stretching of?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus; increased CSF leads to stretching of corona radiata and dilated ventricles

26
Q

SC disease where only motor affected. MoA of Tx?

A

ALS - Riluzole - decreases glutamate

27
Q

SC injury- spares DCs and Tract of Lissaeur

A

ASA occlusion

28
Q

Pt with absense of DTRs, positive romberg and eyes that don’t respond to light. SC Tracts affected?

A

tertiary syphilus. DCs and roots

29
Q

Vit B12 defieicy - SC syptoms?

A

decreased position sense and touch (demylination of DCs) and pain and temperature (spinocerebellar tracts)

30
Q

Disease that kills LMNs. Caused by a virus that replicates where in body? and cell?

A

Polio; Oropharynx and small intestine. Cytoplasm

31
Q

Floppy baby, hypotonia and tongue faciculations. Genetics? Mech?

A

Werdnig-hoffman. AR. Continual death of ventral horn cells after birth.

32
Q

Staggering gait and falling with pes cavus and hammer toes. Genetics encodes protein that affects?

A

Friedreich’s ataxia. Frataxin - mito function

33
Q

Staggering gait and falling with pes cavus and hammer toes. Cause of death?

A

Friedreich’s ataxia. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

34
Q

Ptosis, no sweating and pinpoint pupils. Which ganglion affected?

A

Horner’s. Stellate (T1 level) or Superior cervical.

35
Q

Paralysis of vertical gaze, can be caused by what tumor?

A

Parinaud syndrome - lesion in superior colliculi. Pinealoma.

36
Q

Nuclus that controls taste and baroreceptor funtion?

A

solitarious

37
Q

Nuclus that controls swallowing?

38
Q

occlusion of unilateral MCA. Part of face affected?

A

Contralateral paralysis of lower face. (upper face has bilateral innvervation)

39
Q

Facial paralysis with inability to close eye. Caused by these 3 microbes?

A

Bell’s palsy. Borreglia, AIDS, HSV

40
Q

Mastication muscles?

A

Masseter, temoporalis, medial pterygoid.

41
Q

Inflammation of uveal coat associated with this microbe and this HLA?

A

Uveitis. TB and HLA-B27

42
Q

Sudden Painless monocular vision loss? PD finding?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion, Cherry red spot

43
Q

Rock hard eye. Do not give?

A

Closed angle glaucoma. Don’t give Epi (don’t want mydiasis)

44
Q

Marcus Gunn pupil after swinging flashlight test. Defect

A

One eye constricts less than the other. From optic nerve damage or retinal detatchment.

45
Q

Wet Macular degeneration. Tx?

A

Loss of vision due to bleeding from neovascularization. Tx: Anti-VEGF

46
Q

Damage to myers loop. Defect?

A

Superior Contralateral quadrantopia.

47
Q

Vertigo from Nystagmus. Lesion?

A

Central vertigo. Vestibular Nuclei

48
Q

Ipsilateral leptomenigeal angiomas, and large birthmark on face. Commonly will have what other tumor?

A

Sturge Weber syndrome. Pheochromocytomas

49
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis sx?

A 
HAMARTOMAS
Hamartomas in CNS/skin
Adenoma sebaceum
Mitral Regurg
Ash-leaf spots
cardiac Rhabdomyoma
Tuberous sclerosis
Autosomal dOminent
Mental retardation
renal Angiomyolipoma
Seizures
50
Q

multiple dark spots with firm nodules on skin. Chromosome?

51
Q

VHL - findings?

A

VHL. Hemangiomas, Renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytomas, hemangioblastmoa. Chromosome?

52
Q

Presents with sudden, wild movements of an arm. Usual cause?

A

Hemiballismus. lacunar stroke.

53
Q

Pt with decreased wakefulness. Lesion in what area of brain?

A

midbrain (reticular activating system)

54
Q

Pt with lower body hemorrhage. Sx due to low brain perfusion?

A

upper leg/arm weakness and defects in visual processing

Neuro (14 decks)

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